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Old Tests > PsychosocialTest5 > Flashcards

PsychosocialTest5 Flashcards

1
Q

define body image

A

the collection of perceptions, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that relate to one’s body size and appearance

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2
Q

what does a + and - body image lead to

A

+=confidence and self assurance

-=problems such as shyness and social isolation

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3
Q

what is private body talk

A

our internal dialogue
focuses on the body and appearance
helps us determine how we feel about our bodies

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4
Q

define an eating disorder

A

an ongoing disturbance in behaviors associated with the ingestion of food

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5
Q

most common eating disorders

A

anorexia nervosa

bulimia

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6
Q

define anorexia nervosa

A

condition in which an individual does not maintain a normal body weight
intense fear of becoming fat
refusal to gain weight
maintain some form of control

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7
Q

theories about eating disorders
psychological
behavioral

A

attempts to reduce anxiety

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8
Q

theories about eating disorders
psychological
cognitive

A

result of deficits in attention, concentration, and vigilance related to underlying anxiety and depression

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9
Q

theories about eating disorders
psychological
developmental

A

fails to develop an appropriate sense of self and body

has problems with autonomy and self identity

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10
Q

theories about eating disorders

sociocultural

A

response to a daily social emphasis on a stereotypical ideal of thinness

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11
Q

theories about eating disorders

physical

A

complex relationships amount the neurotransmitters

serotonin function, cortisol levels altered

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12
Q

what is the classic description of a person with anorexia nervosa

A 
tense, alert, hyperactive, rigid young woman who thinks, talks, and walks rapidly
very ambitious, drives for perfection
neatness, self will stubbornness
lack of warmth and friendliness
engages in the pursuit of thinness
main issue is one of control
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13
Q

what four criteria must be met to be diagnosed with anorexia

A
  • refusal to maintain body weight that is more than 15% below normal
  • intense fear of becoming fat
  • distorted inaccurate significance placed on body weight and shape
  • absence of at least 3 periods
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14
Q

define bulimia

A

binge eating and the use of inappropriate methods to prevent weight gain

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15
Q

define binge eating and purging

A

binge=consuming an amount of food that is definitely larger than most individuals would eat in similar circumstances. followed by feelings of guilt and attempts to rid the body of food
purge=attempt to rid the gastrointestinal tract and body of unwanted food

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16
Q

what is the criteria for diagnosis of bulimia

A
  • recurring episodes of binge eating
  • recurring inappropriate behaviors to prevent wt gain
  • twice/week for at least 3 months
  • excessive emphases placed on body shape and weight
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17
Q

define pica

A

persistent eating of nonfood items that lasts for more than 1 month
overwhelming need

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18
Q

define rumination disorder

A

regurgitation and re-chewing of food

in infants it can lead to death from malnutrition

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19
Q

what are the 3 goals for treatment of eating disorders

A
  • stabilize existing medical problems
  • reestablish normal nutrition
  • resolve the psychological/emotional issues
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20
Q

what are some drugs used to treat obesity and bulimia

A

obesity=amphetamines

bulimia=antidepressants or lithium

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21
Q

define lanugo

A

fine hair

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22
Q

sleep serves what purposes

A
  • body functions and metabolic rate slow
  • workload on the heart decreases
  • muscles relax
  • body conserves energy
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23
Q

dreaming helps us to do what

A

gain insight
solve problems
work through emotional reactions
prepare for the future

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24
Q

what are the two phase of sleep

A

REM and NREM

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25
Q

NREM is divided into how many stages

A

4

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26
Q

what is a sleep disorder

A

repeatedly disrupts an individuals pattern of sleep

occurs more frequently in elderly individuals

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27
Q

what is a polysomnogram

A

monitors the client’s electrophysical responses during sleep

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28
Q

what are the two basic types of sleep disorders and explain each

A

primary=related to abnormal function of the sleep-wake or timing mechanisms of the body
secondary=related to other conditions such as substance abuse, mental health problems, or physical conditions

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29
Q

define dyssomnias

A

abnormalities of the physiologic mechanisms that regulate sleep and wakefulness
include: insomnia, hypersomnia, narcolepsy, breathing related and circadian rhythm sleep disorders

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30
Q

define insomnia

A

falling asleep or maintaining a sound sleep

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31
Q

define primary hypersomnia

A

excessive sleepiness

prolonged sleep episodes or day time sleeping that occurs daily for at least 1 month

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32
Q

define cataplexy

A

sudden episode of muscle weakness and loss of muscle tone that last for seconds to minutes

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33
Q

circadian rhythm sleep disorder

A

persistent pattern of sleep disruption that results from a mismatch between personal body rhythms and environmental demands
seen in people who do shift work/travel

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34
Q

define parasomnias

A

sleep disorders characterized by abnormal behavioral or physical events during sleep
-caused by the inappropriate activation of certain brain centers

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35
Q

nightmare disorder

A
  • repeated frightening dreams
  • sweating, rapid respirations, rapid HR
  • sense of anxiety lingers
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36
Q

sleep terror disorder

A
  • repeated nightmares, abrupt awakenings
  • panicky cry or scream and intense fear
  • can’t be comforted or awakened without difficulty
  • increased HR, respirations, muscle tone
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37
Q

what is the first step in the treatment of sleep disorders, and what is the mail goal of care

A
  • teach prevention

- assist the client in obtaining a restful night’s sleep

38
Q

what is self-concept

A
  • all attitudes, notions, beliefs, convictions that make up a person’s self knowledge
  • includes individual’s perceptions of personal characteristics and abilities, interactions with other people and the environment, values, associated experiences and objects, and goals and ideals
39
Q

factors influencing self-concept

A

culture
society
attitudes and beliefs of parents, siblings, significant other
experiences of life

40
Q

self-esteem

A

an individual’s judgment of his/her own worth

41
Q

self-ideal

A

personal standards of how one should behave

42
Q

personal identity

A

composite of behavioral traits and characteristics by which one is recognized as an individual

43
Q

role performance

A

socially expected behavioral patterns

44
Q

describe 5 components of a healthy personality

A
  • able to effectively perceive and function within their worlds
  • achieved a sense of peace and harmony within themselves
  • successfully cope with life’s anxieties, traumas, and crises
  • provide a sense of purpose and direction in life
  • able to struggle with life’s problems while feeling good about living
45
Q

dissociation

A

an attempt to cope with deep-seated emotional anxiety or distress

46
Q

identity diffusion

A

failure to bring various childhood identifications into an effective adult personality

  • not sure who they really are
  • unable to build a picture of themselves
  • feels empty
  • blunted emotions with little/no empathy
47
Q

personality fusing

A

attempt to bind their self-concepts to another

48
Q

dissociate disorder

A
  • disturbance in the normally interacting function of consciousness: identity, memory, and perceptions
  • problems that relate to anxiety and self-concept
  • diagnosed more in women
  • children dissociate more easily than adults
49
Q

dissociation

A

interruption of a person’s fundamental aspects of waking consciousness

  • complex neuropsychological process
  • can range from normal everyday experiences to those that disrupt daily living
50
Q

behaviors associated with low self esteem (9)

A
  • criticism of self and others
  • decreased productivity
  • denies self pleasure
  • destructive toward self and others
  • disturbed interpersonal relationships
  • exaggerated sense of self-importance
  • feelings of guilt, inadequacy, and worry
  • negative outlook about one’s body, abilities, life
  • withdrawal
51
Q

fugue

A

inability to remember important personal events or travels

52
Q

dissociative disorders arise from what 2 sources

A
  • fugue-lies with memory or consciousness

- identity-dissociate identity disorder

53
Q

what are the 4 types of dissociative disorders

A

depersonalization disorder
amnesia
fugue
identity disorder

54
Q

depersonalization disorder

A
  • one feels detached or unconnected to the self
  • may feel like a robot, automatic
  • sensation of being an outside observer
55
Q

depersonalization

A

response to severe anxiety associated with a blocking of awareness and a fading reality

  • self concept becomes disorganized
  • world becomes a dream
  • serves as a defense mechanism
  • can develop slowly/suddenly
56
Q

amnesia

A

-loss of memory

57
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

characterized by an inability to remember personal information

  • can’t be explained by ordinary forgetfulness
  • attempt to avoid extreme stress by blocking memories from consciousness
  • memories stay submerged, but still capable of inflicting pain
  • client safety becomes a primary therapeutic goal
58
Q

dissociative fugue

A
  • escape from reality
  • sudden, unexpected travel with inability to recall the past
  • response to an overwhelmingly stressful or traumatic event
  • extreme expression of fight or flight mechanism
  • engaged to protect the individual
  • after return, may experience aggressive impulses, conflict, depression, guilt
  • psychosocial care and emotional support are important
  • rare
59
Q

trance

A

a state of resembling sleep in which consciousness remains but voluntary movement is lost

60
Q

possession trances

A

involve the appearance of one or more distinct identities that direct the individual to perform sometimes complex behaviors and activities. amnesia following is common

61
Q

dissociative identity disorder

A
  • presence of two or more identities or personalities that repeatedly take control of the individuals behavior
  • develops as a defense
  • formally called multiple personality disorder
  • each personality serves a specific protective purpose
  • main goal is to help client integrate or combine the personalities
62
Q

what are essential feature of DID

A
  • the presence of other personalities in one individual
  • personal history full of time loses, unexplained possession or changes in relationships, out of body experiences and awareness of other parts of the self
  • have symptoms of post-traumatic stress syndrome
63
Q

hospitalization is required in what 3 situations for treatment of dissociate disorders

A
  • when anger, aggression, or violence is directed toward self or others and presents danger
  • when individual is unable to function because of memory loss, rapid identity switching, flashbacks, overwhelming emotions
  • when medications need to be evaluated or adjusted
64
Q

treatment for dissociative disorders has what 3 stages

A
  • assessment=get client’s hx, symptoms, support system, medical status, relationships, substance abuse, sleeping/eating disorders, family hx
  • stabilization=diagnosis is established as the client gradually reveals the complexities of their nature
  • reworking=revisiting and reworking past traumas. painful material is slowly/gently analyzed
  • client eventually begins to integrate or combine the personalities
65
Q

explain the difference among anger, aggression, and assertiveness

A

anger=normal emotional response to a perceived threat, frustration, or distressing event
aggression=forceful attitude or action that is expressed physically, symbolically, or verbally
assertiveness=the ability to directly express one’s feelings or needs in a way that respects the rights of other people yet retains one’s dignity

66
Q

what purposes does anger serve

A

coping mechanism

can be motivating

67
Q

passive aggression

A

involves indirect expression of anger through subtle, evasive, or manipulative behaviors

68
Q

violence

A

behavior that threatens or harms other people or their property. actions of force that result in abuse or harm

69
Q

assault

A

legal term that describes any behavior that presents an immediate threat to another person

70
Q

battery

A

the unlawful use of force on a person without their consent

71
Q

what are the 3 basic models of nature of aggression

A

biological
psychosocial
sociocultural

72
Q

explain biological theories of aggression

A
  • cause of aggression and violence is a physical or chemical difference
  • also known as individual theories
  • research focuses on areas of the brain the influence emotional control and aggressive behavior
  • neurotransmitters
  • innate, instinctual drive
73
Q

explain psychosocial theory of aggression

A
  • focus on an individual’s interactions with the social environment
  • arises from interpersonal frustrations
  • learned responses
74
Q

sociocultural theory of aggression: functional model

A

aggression and violence fill certain functions in society, serving as catalysts or motivators for action

75
Q

sociocultural theory of aggression:conflict theory

A

aggression is a natural part of all human interactions

-seek to further their own cause

76
Q

sociocultural theory of aggression:resource theory

A
  • fundamental part of society

- result of having many resources and the power that goes with them

77
Q

sociocultural theory of aggression:general systems model

A

feedback loop is used to demonstrate how aggression and violence perpetuate
-violence viewed as a product of a system that must e stabilized and managed

78
Q

what are the 5 stages of the assault cycle and explain each

A

trigger=stress producing event occurs, coping mechanisms are chosen
escalation=building stage during which each behavioral response moves a step closer to total loss of control
CRISIS=potential for danger is increased. emotional or physical blowout. ability to reason is lost. can’t respond to outside stimuli.
RECOVERY=cooling down period. slowly calms and returns to normal behavioral responses
DEPRESSION=involves a period of guilt and attempts to reconcile

79
Q

what are the 3 categories of disorders relating to aggressive behaviors

A

conduct disorders
impulse-control disorders
adjustment disorders

80
Q

what are the two diagnoses that relate to childhood and adolescent aggression

A

conduct disorder

oppositional defiant disorder

81
Q

conduct disorder

A 
characterized by a pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. naturally relate aggressively to others. no empathy or guilt feelings. behaviors fall into 4 major groups:
aggressive conduct
nonaggressive conduct
deceitfulness
serious rules violation
82
Q

oppositional defiant disorder

A

pattern of negative aggressive behaviors that focuses on authority figures in child’s life. constantly involved in power struggles. stubborn, uncooperative, resistant, hostile. signs seen by 8 years old

83
Q

impulse-control disorder

A

inability to resist and impulse to perform acts that are harmful to self or others.

84
Q

intermittent explosive disorder

A

failure to resist aggressive impulses that result in the destruction of property or assault of another individual
serotonin may play a role
frequent outbursts
common in males

85
Q

adjustment disorder

A

emotional or behavioral problems that develop in response to an identifiable source. Have difficulty adapting to a new situation. Stressor may be single event, continuous, repeated. lasts no longer than 6 months after stressor has stopped

86
Q

what is the first step in controlling aggressive behaviors

A

assess the client’s potential for engaging in inappropriate behaviors

87
Q

what does a mental status assessment include

A 
general appearance
client's activity
attitude
verbal communication
mood, affect, perception, thoughts
judgment or insight
reliability
88
Q

what does a psychosocial assessment include

A 
internal or external stressors
coping skills being used
relationships
cultural, spiritual, occupational areas
value and belief system
clients reactions and behaviors
attitudes
89
Q

level 1 interventions

A
  • prevent violence
  • establish and maintain a trusting therapeutic relationship
  • call client by name, explain what is happening, listen actively, maintain good eye contact
90
Q

level 2 interventions

A

-protect
-protect the client and others from potential harm
-

91
Q

level 3 interventions

A
  • control violence

- client is out of control, protect client and others through seclusion, restraints, and IM meds

Old Tests (16 decks)

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