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Old Tests > NursingTest 5 > Flashcards

NursingTest 5 Flashcards

1
Q

to prepare for medication administration what 4 things need to be done

A

1-locate the information about each drug
2-consistently calculate drug dosages accurately
3-devise a method of consistently using the 6 rights of med administration
4-recognize the nursing implications for each drug

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2
Q

what are the 3 names that a drug has

A

chemical name=describes components
generic=name not protected by trademark
trade=name protected by a trademark

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3
Q

what classifications can drugs be classified under

A
  • effect of the drug on a body system
  • symptoms the drug relieves
  • drug’s desired effect
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4
Q

anticoagulants

A

inhibit clotting of blood

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5
Q

antianginals

A

increase blood flow to the heart

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6
Q

antiarrhythmics

A

regulate the heart rate

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7
Q

antihypertensives

A

control high blood pressure

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8
Q

antililpidemics

A

lower abnormal blood lipid levels

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9
Q

antiplateletes

A

inhibit platelet aggregation

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10
Q

caridotonics

A

strengthen the contraction of the heart

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11
Q

diuretics

A

reduce edema and increase urine output

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12
Q

hemostatics

A

promote clotting of blood

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13
Q

hypnotics/ sedatives

A

relieve anxiety, reduce activity, and promote sleep

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14
Q

stimulants

A

increase mental alertness and function

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15
Q

tricyclic antidepressants

A

relieve depression

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16
Q

SSRIs selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors

A

relieve depression

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17
Q

anxiolytics

A

relieve anxiety

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18
Q

antipsychotics

A

relieve psychotic symptoms

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19
Q

antihistamines

A

reduce congestion and allergic reactions

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20
Q

narcotics (opioids)

A

relieve moderate to severe pain

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21
Q

non-narcotics

A

relieve mild pain

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22
Q

NSAIDSs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

A

reduce inflammation and pain

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23
Q

antiepileptics

A

control epileptic seizures and tremors

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24
Q

antitussives

A

relieve cough

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25
Q

bronchodilators and expectorants

A

relieve obstruction of air passages

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26
Q

adrenal hormones

A

all hormones act to regulate body growth, funciton, and metabolism

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27
Q

antacids

A

neutralize stomach acids

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28
Q

antisecretories

A

decrease gastric acid secretion

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29
Q

anticholinergics

A

reduce spasma and secretions of stomach

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30
Q

antiemetics

A

relieve nausea and control vomiting

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31
Q

cathartics, laxatives

A

promote BMs

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32
Q

schedule 1

A

drugs with no accepted medical use, a high potential for abuse, lacking accepted safety measure. heroin, LSD, PSP, peyote

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33
Q

schedule 2

A

drugs with a medical use, a high potential for abuse, with severe psychological or physical dependence. amphetamine, morphine, methadone

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34
Q

schedule 3

A

drugs that are medically useful but with less potential for abuse that lead to moderate or low physical and high psychological dependence.

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35
Q

schedule 4

A

drugs that are medically useful but with less potential for abuse. their abuse causing limited physical or psychological dependence. valium

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36
Q

schedule V

A

drugs with medical use, low potential for abuse, and producing less physical dependence than other drugs. group includes a few opioids. cough syrup with codeine

37
Q

for a drug to pass US Food a Drug Admin approval, it must meet what 5 standards

A

purity=types and concentrations of substances other than the drug that can be in the tablet, capsule, suspension
potency=amount of active drug in the preparation contributing to its strength
bioavailability=drugs ability to dissolve, be absorbed, and be transported in the body to its desired site of action
efficacy=lab studies providing proof that the drug is effective for its intended use
safety=sufficient studies complete to indicate potential side effects, adverse effects, and toxic reactions

38
Q

what factors determine the absorption rate

A 
weight
age
sex
disease conditions
genetic factors
immune mechanisms
physiologic and emotional factors
39
Q

what are the differences in absorption rate by route

A 
skin=slow
mucous membranes=quick
respiratory tract=quick
oral=slow absorption (liquids are faster than pills
intramuscular=depends on form of drug
subcutaneous=slow
intravenous=most rapid absorption
40
Q

pharmacodynamics

A
  • mechanism of action
  • the study of a drug’s effect on cellular physiology and biochemistry and its mechanism of action
  • interactions between medications and target cells, body system, and organs to produce effects
41
Q

when does the onset of a drug occur

A

when the drug reaches a minimum effective concentration level

42
Q

what is a half life

A

time it takes for excretion to lower the drug concentration by half

43
Q

drugs have what 4 types of actions

A

-stimulation or depression
replacement
inhibition or killing
irritation

44
Q

define therapeutic range

A

range of levels of the drug in the blood that will produce the desired effect without causing toxic effects

45
Q

what are black box warnings

A

FDA designation that the drug may have serious side effects or health risks

46
Q

synergistic effect

A

combined interaction

47
Q

how does food in the belly affect the drug

A

speed up, reduce, or even prevent the absorption of the drug into the bloodstream

48
Q

when a prescription or order is created for a drug to be dispensed or administer to a patient, what must be written

A 
drug name
amount of drug per dose
number of doses
route
frequency
49
Q

intrathecal

A

medication is injected into the intrathecal space of spinal column

50
Q

what are some considerations for infants and children when it comes to medications

A

difference in size, age, weight, surface area, organ maturity all affect ability to absorb, metabolize, and excrete each drug

51
Q

what are some reasons a patient might not take their medication

A
  • pt does not comprehend the drug’s action or why it is being taken
  • pt can’t tolerate one of its side effects
  • pt can’t afford to buy more
52
Q

what is medication reconciliation

A

process of identifying all the pt’s medications and communicating this information to the pt and staff

53
Q

in addition to the 6 rights other considerations for safe administration include what

A
  • review the reason for giving the ordered medication
  • monitor the pt’s response to therapy
  • each the pt about the drug
  • take a complete drug history
  • assess the pt for drug allergies
  • be aware of potential drug interaction with other drugs or foods
54
Q

nurses are legally responsible for being knowledgeable about what when they administer medication

A 
correct dose
route
desired effects
side effects
interactions with other medications
any contraindications
55
Q

define medication order/drug order

A

the written prescription for a drug

56
Q

a complete drug order must include what

A 
patients full name
name of drug
dosage to be given
rout of administration
how often to be give
date and time
signature
57
Q

what are the different types of orders (6)

A 
standing order
PRN order
One time order
stat order
renewal order
orders by protocol
58
Q

the route of administration depends on what several factors

A

patients condition
nature of the drug
rate of absorption versus another route

59
Q

topical medication are instilled in the form of what

A 
eye drops
ear drops
ointments
pastes
lotions
60
Q

information on a medication card includes what

A 
patients name
room number
physicians name
drug name
dosage
route
time of administration
date the order was written
initials of person making card
61
Q

ABBREVIATIONS
ac
ad li
bid

A

ac=before meals
ad lib=freely
bid=twice a day

62
Q

ABBREVIATIONS
g or gm
gtt
H or hr

A

g or gm=gram
gtt=drops
H or hr=hour

63
Q 
ABBREVIATIONS
I.D.
I.M.
I.V.
I.V.P.B.
A

I.D.=intradermal
I.M.=intramuscular
I.V.=intravenous
I.V.P.B.=intravenous piggyback

64
Q 
ABBREVIATIONS
kg
K.V.O.
L
mcg
A

kg=kilogram
K.V.O.=keep vein open
L-Liter
mcg=microgram

65
Q 
ABBREVIATIONS
mEq
mL
MDI
NGT
A

mEq=milliequivalent
mL=milliliter
MDI=metered-dose inhaler
NGT=nasogastric tube

66
Q 
ABBREVIATIONS
oz
PCA
pc
PR
A

oz=ounce
PCA=patient controlled analgesia
pc=after meals
PR=per rectum

67
Q

ABBREVIATIONS
Rx
SR

A

Rx=take

SR=sustained release

68
Q

what is a spansule

A

time released pellets placed in a capsule shell
abbreviation=span
given by mouth

69
Q

what is Elixir

A

sweetened flavoring substance with an active medicinal ingredient
abbreviation=Elix
given by mouth or tube feeding

70
Q

what is Lozenge

A

medication tablet or disk
given by mouth
to be sucked on until it totally dissolves

71
Q

what are the three types of medication administration systems

A

stock supply of medicines
individual prescription system
unit-dose method (most common)

72
Q

explain unit dose system

A
  • drugs packaged in single, individual doses
  • provide a premeasured, prepackaged, prelabled dose of medication
  • considered safest
  • pharmacy supplies the exact dose of each medication
  • enhances patient safety
  • reduces medication error
  • saves time
  • pt charged only for medications used
  • keeps minimum amount of drugs on hand
73
Q

explain the prescription system

A
  • pharmacy supplies enough doses for several days
  • prescription is written, filled by pharmacists
  • only a limited amount of drugs needs to kept on the nursing unit
  • used in pharmacies and in outpatient clinics
74
Q

what is a controlled dispensing system

A
  • distributing opiate analgesics and hypnotics

- legally controlled substances must be under lock and key at all times

75
Q

what is an ointment

what is paste

A

ointment=manufactures in an oily base
petrolatum or lanolin

paste=stiffer in consistency
do not melt at body temperature

76
Q

what are lotions and liniments

A

lotions=patted on gently

liniments=rubbed into the skin

77
Q

define suppositories

A

cylinder shaped semisolid substances inserted into body orifices (rectum, vagina, urethra, ostomy stoma)
absorbed through mucous membranes

78
Q

define irrigations

A

medications dissolved in solutions

79
Q

otic medications; how do you position ear

A

younger than 3=pull earlobe down to straighten canal

adult=pull top of pinna out and upward

80
Q

when applying eye drops, where should they be applied

A

conjunctival sac. do not place drops on the cornea(may cause damage or discomfort) or lacrimal gland (meds can enter systemic circulation)

81
Q

an atomizer bottle contains what

A

decongestant
antihistamine
antibiotic
steroid

82
Q

what are the purposes for a topical solution for the vagina

A
  • cleanse the vagina in prep for surgery
  • supply antiseptics to reduce bacterial growth
  • remove odor or foul discharge
  • apply heat/cold to soothe inflamed tissues/reduce oozing of blood
83
Q

what medication should not be crushed or administered through a tube

A 
sublingual
buccal
enteric-coated
sustained release
potentially carcinogenic products
84
Q

define pharmacokinetics and what are the phases

A

refers to how medications travel through the body. medication process results in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

85
Q

in pharmacokinetics, what is the first phase. explain

A

absorption. transmission of medication from the location of administration to the bloodstream

86
Q

in pharmacokinetics, what is distribution

A

transportation of medication to sites of action by bodily fluids. medications compete for protein binding sites, primarily albumin

87
Q

in pharmacokinetics, what is metabolism

A

change medications into less active forms or inactive forms by the action of enzymes. primarily in liver (also in kidneys, lungs, bowel, blood)

88
Q

contradictions for oral medication administration include what

A

vomiting
absence of a gag reflex
difficulty swallowing
decreased level of consciousness

Old Tests (16 decks)

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