NursingTest 5 Flashcards
1
Q
to prepare for medication administration what 4 things need to be done
A
1-locate the information about each drug
2-consistently calculate drug dosages accurately
3-devise a method of consistently using the 6 rights of med administration
4-recognize the nursing implications for each drug
2
Q
what are the 3 names that a drug has
A
chemical name=describes components
generic=name not protected by trademark
trade=name protected by a trademark
3
Q
what classifications can drugs be classified under
A
- effect of the drug on a body system
- symptoms the drug relieves
- drug’s desired effect
4
Q
anticoagulants
A
inhibit clotting of blood
5
Q
antianginals
A
increase blood flow to the heart
6
Q
antiarrhythmics
A
regulate the heart rate
7
Q
antihypertensives
A
control high blood pressure
8
Q
antililpidemics
A
lower abnormal blood lipid levels
9
Q
antiplateletes
A
inhibit platelet aggregation
10
Q
caridotonics
A
strengthen the contraction of the heart
11
Q
diuretics
A
reduce edema and increase urine output
12
Q
hemostatics
A
promote clotting of blood
13
Q
hypnotics/ sedatives
A
relieve anxiety, reduce activity, and promote sleep
14
Q
stimulants
A
increase mental alertness and function
15
Q
tricyclic antidepressants
A
relieve depression
16
Q
SSRIs selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors
A
relieve depression
17
Q
anxiolytics
A
relieve anxiety
18
Q
antipsychotics
A
relieve psychotic symptoms
19
Q
antihistamines
A
reduce congestion and allergic reactions
20
Q
narcotics (opioids)
A
relieve moderate to severe pain
21
Q
non-narcotics
A
relieve mild pain
22
Q
NSAIDSs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
A
reduce inflammation and pain
23
Q
antiepileptics
A
control epileptic seizures and tremors
24
Q
antitussives
A
relieve cough
25
bronchodilators and expectorants
relieve obstruction of air passages
26
adrenal hormones
all hormones act to regulate body growth, funciton, and metabolism
27
antacids
neutralize stomach acids
28
antisecretories
decrease gastric acid secretion
29
anticholinergics
reduce spasma and secretions of stomach
30
antiemetics
relieve nausea and control vomiting
31
cathartics, laxatives
promote BMs
32
schedule 1
drugs with no accepted medical use, a high potential for abuse, lacking accepted safety measure. heroin, LSD, PSP, peyote
33
schedule 2
drugs with a medical use, a high potential for abuse, with severe psychological or physical dependence. amphetamine, morphine, methadone
34
schedule 3
drugs that are medically useful but with less potential for abuse that lead to moderate or low physical and high psychological dependence.
35
schedule 4
drugs that are medically useful but with less potential for abuse. their abuse causing limited physical or psychological dependence. valium
36
schedule V
drugs with medical use, low potential for abuse, and producing less physical dependence than other drugs. group includes a few opioids. cough syrup with codeine
37
for a drug to pass US Food a Drug Admin approval, it must meet what 5 standards
purity=types and concentrations of substances other than the drug that can be in the tablet, capsule, suspension
potency=amount of active drug in the preparation contributing to its strength
bioavailability=drugs ability to dissolve, be absorbed, and be transported in the body to its desired site of action
efficacy=lab studies providing proof that the drug is effective for its intended use
safety=sufficient studies complete to indicate potential side effects, adverse effects, and toxic reactions
38
what factors determine the absorption rate
```
weight
age
sex
disease conditions
genetic factors
immune mechanisms
physiologic and emotional factors
```
39
what are the differences in absorption rate by route
```
skin=slow
mucous membranes=quick
respiratory tract=quick
oral=slow absorption (liquids are faster than pills
intramuscular=depends on form of drug
subcutaneous=slow
intravenous=most rapid absorption
```
40
pharmacodynamics
- mechanism of action
- the study of a drug's effect on cellular physiology and biochemistry and its mechanism of action
- interactions between medications and target cells, body system, and organs to produce effects
41
when does the onset of a drug occur
when the drug reaches a minimum effective concentration level
42
what is a half life
time it takes for excretion to lower the drug concentration by half
43
drugs have what 4 types of actions
-stimulation or depression
replacement
inhibition or killing
irritation
44
define therapeutic range
range of levels of the drug in the blood that will produce the desired effect without causing toxic effects
45
what are black box warnings
FDA designation that the drug may have serious side effects or health risks
46
synergistic effect
combined interaction
47
how does food in the belly affect the drug
speed up, reduce, or even prevent the absorption of the drug into the bloodstream
48
when a prescription or order is created for a drug to be dispensed or administer to a patient, what must be written
```
drug name
amount of drug per dose
number of doses
route
frequency
```
49
intrathecal
medication is injected into the intrathecal space of spinal column
50
what are some considerations for infants and children when it comes to medications
difference in size, age, weight, surface area, organ maturity all affect ability to absorb, metabolize, and excrete each drug
51
what are some reasons a patient might not take their medication
- pt does not comprehend the drug's action or why it is being taken
- pt can't tolerate one of its side effects
- pt can't afford to buy more
52
what is medication reconciliation
process of identifying all the pt's medications and communicating this information to the pt and staff
53
in addition to the 6 rights other considerations for safe administration include what
- review the reason for giving the ordered medication
- monitor the pt's response to therapy
- each the pt about the drug
- take a complete drug history
- assess the pt for drug allergies
- be aware of potential drug interaction with other drugs or foods
54
nurses are legally responsible for being knowledgeable about what when they administer medication
```
correct dose
route
desired effects
side effects
interactions with other medications
any contraindications
```
55
define medication order/drug order
the written prescription for a drug
56
a complete drug order must include what
```
patients full name
name of drug
dosage to be given
rout of administration
how often to be give
date and time
signature
```
57
what are the different types of orders (6)
```
standing order
PRN order
One time order
stat order
renewal order
orders by protocol
```
58
the route of administration depends on what several factors
patients condition
nature of the drug
rate of absorption versus another route
59
topical medication are instilled in the form of what
```
eye drops
ear drops
ointments
pastes
lotions
```
60
information on a medication card includes what
```
patients name
room number
physicians name
drug name
dosage
route
time of administration
date the order was written
initials of person making card
```
61
ABBREVIATIONS
ac
ad li
bid
ac=before meals
ad lib=freely
bid=twice a day
62
ABBREVIATIONS
g or gm
gtt
H or hr
g or gm=gram
gtt=drops
H or hr=hour
63
```
ABBREVIATIONS
I.D.
I.M.
I.V.
I.V.P.B.
```
I.D.=intradermal
I.M.=intramuscular
I.V.=intravenous
I.V.P.B.=intravenous piggyback
64
```
ABBREVIATIONS
kg
K.V.O.
L
mcg
```
kg=kilogram
K.V.O.=keep vein open
L-Liter
mcg=microgram
65
```
ABBREVIATIONS
mEq
mL
MDI
NGT
```
mEq=milliequivalent
mL=milliliter
MDI=metered-dose inhaler
NGT=nasogastric tube
66
```
ABBREVIATIONS
oz
PCA
pc
PR
```
oz=ounce
PCA=patient controlled analgesia
pc=after meals
PR=per rectum
67
ABBREVIATIONS
Rx
SR
Rx=take
| SR=sustained release
68
what is a spansule
time released pellets placed in a capsule shell
abbreviation=span
given by mouth
69
what is Elixir
sweetened flavoring substance with an active medicinal ingredient
abbreviation=Elix
given by mouth or tube feeding
70
what is Lozenge
medication tablet or disk
given by mouth
to be sucked on until it totally dissolves
71
what are the three types of medication administration systems
stock supply of medicines
individual prescription system
unit-dose method (most common)
72
explain unit dose system
- drugs packaged in single, individual doses
- provide a premeasured, prepackaged, prelabled dose of medication
- considered safest
- pharmacy supplies the exact dose of each medication
- enhances patient safety
- reduces medication error
- saves time
- pt charged only for medications used
- keeps minimum amount of drugs on hand
73
explain the prescription system
- pharmacy supplies enough doses for several days
- prescription is written, filled by pharmacists
- only a limited amount of drugs needs to kept on the nursing unit
- used in pharmacies and in outpatient clinics
74
what is a controlled dispensing system
- distributing opiate analgesics and hypnotics
| - legally controlled substances must be under lock and key at all times
75
what is an ointment
| what is paste
ointment=manufactures in an oily base
petrolatum or lanolin
paste=stiffer in consistency
do not melt at body temperature
76
what are lotions and liniments
lotions=patted on gently
liniments=rubbed into the skin
77
define suppositories
cylinder shaped semisolid substances inserted into body orifices (rectum, vagina, urethra, ostomy stoma)
absorbed through mucous membranes
78
define irrigations
medications dissolved in solutions
79
otic medications; how do you position ear
younger than 3=pull earlobe down to straighten canal
| adult=pull top of pinna out and upward
80
when applying eye drops, where should they be applied
conjunctival sac. do not place drops on the cornea(may cause damage or discomfort) or lacrimal gland (meds can enter systemic circulation)
81
an atomizer bottle contains what
decongestant
antihistamine
antibiotic
steroid
82
what are the purposes for a topical solution for the vagina
- cleanse the vagina in prep for surgery
- supply antiseptics to reduce bacterial growth
- remove odor or foul discharge
- apply heat/cold to soothe inflamed tissues/reduce oozing of blood
83
what medication should not be crushed or administered through a tube
```
sublingual
buccal
enteric-coated
sustained release
potentially carcinogenic products
```
84
define pharmacokinetics and what are the phases
refers to how medications travel through the body. medication process results in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
85
in pharmacokinetics, what is the first phase. explain
absorption. transmission of medication from the location of administration to the bloodstream
86
in pharmacokinetics, what is distribution
transportation of medication to sites of action by bodily fluids. medications compete for protein binding sites, primarily albumin
87
in pharmacokinetics, what is metabolism
change medications into less active forms or inactive forms by the action of enzymes. primarily in liver (also in kidneys, lungs, bowel, blood)
88
contradictions for oral medication administration include what
vomiting
absence of a gag reflex
difficulty swallowing
decreased level of consciousness
