PsychosocialTest4 Flashcards
define anxiety
- feeling of uneasiness, uncertainty, and helplessness
- state of tension
- associated with feelings of dread or doom
- response to a real or imagined treat or stressor
what are the purposes for anxiety
- warning of impending danger
- increase learning
- provides motivation
- leads to in/effective and mal/adaptive behaviors
responses to anxiety occur on what four levels
mild
moderate
severe
panic
what are the types of anxiety
signal anxiety
anxiety state
anxiety trait
define signal anxiety
a learned response to an anticipated event
Ex: a cal student becomes nauseated during exams
define anxiety state
occurs when one’s coping abilities become overwhelmed and emotional control is lost
EX: emergencies, accidents, traumas
define anxiety trait
a learned component of the personality
EX: react with anxiety in relatively low stress situations
what are some physical symptoms of anxiety
muscle tension fidgeting headaches problems with sleep nausea dizziness sweating increased HR elevated BP
coping mechanics come in what 4 realms
physical
intellectual
spiritual
emotional
coping mechanism in the physical realm includes
efforts to directly face and handle the problem
intellectual coping mechanisms are aimed at what
making the threat less meaningful by changing one’s perception
spiritual coping methods include what
faith
prayer
ritual
emotional coping responses include what
crying
communicating or sharing one’s anxious feeling
common defense mechanism; dissociation
separation of emotions from situation; removal of painful anxieties from conscious awareness
Ex:a solider casually describes the battle in which he lost his leg
common defense mechanism; intellectualization
focusing of attention of technical or logical aspects of threatening situation
EX: a wife describes the details of nurse’s unsuccessful attempts to prevent the death of her husband
common defense mechanisms; projection
putting of one’s own unacceptable thoughts, wishes, emotions onto others
EX: a woman is afraid to leave her house because she knows ppl will riddle her
common defense mechanism; reaction formation
development of conscious attitudes and behavior patterns that are opposite to what one really would like to have
EX: a man with homosexual feelings, which he finds to be threatening, engages in excessive heterosexual activities
common defense mechanism; restitution
giving back to resolve guilt feelings
EX: a man argues with his wife and then buys her roses
common defense mechanism; suppression
removal of conflict by removing anxiety from consciousness
EX: a woman with a family history of breast cancer “forgets” her appointment for a mammogram
common defense mechanism; symbolization
use of an unrelated object to represent hidden idea
EX: a girl who feel insignificant draws a picture of her family in which she is the smallest character
common defense mechanism; undoing
inappropriate behavior that is followed by acts to take away or reverse action and decrease guilt and anxiety
EX: a man physically abuses his wife then cleans her wounds and nurses her back to health
what are the purposes of defense mechanisms
reduce or avoid negative states such as conflict, frustration, anxiety, and stress
- used when on feels threatened
- helps avoid negative emotional states
- reduce uncomfortable negative emotions
what is a crisis
when one’s ability to cope with anxiety is overwhelmed
-defense mechanisms are no longer useful
what is bad about having too little or too much anxiety
too little=lack of attention or focus in important situation
too much=overwhelm and immobilize an individual. inability to accomplish important tasks
the causes of anxiety are a combination of what factors
biological
psychosocial
environmental
biological model; theory relating to anxiety
find a biological or physical basis for anxiety
- role of neurotransmitters
- result from the dysfunction of two or more neurotransmitters
- inappropriately activated norepinephrine
- hormonal imbalances, substance abuse, eating and sleeping disorders, headaches, fatigue
psychodynamic model; theories relating to anxiety
result of a conflict btw two opposing forces within an individual
interpersonal model; theories relating to anxiety
interactions with others.
childhood interaction resulting in negative outcomes
behavioral model; theories relating to anxiety
a learned response
when individual encounter a signal that reminds them of earlier anxious times
learn to react with anxiety
existential theory
result of a loss of life’s meaning
what are some examples of behavior that seem to soothe and lessen anxiety for young children
thumb sucking
nail bitting
hair pulling
rhythmic body movements
problems associated with anxiety in children include
compulsion phobias separation anxiety disorder overanxious disorder avoidance disorders
what is separation anxiety disorder
diagnosed when children are unable to be without their parents for any length of time
- physical complaints include headaches, nausea, vomiting, nightmares
- fear of death, animals, monsters, and harmful situations
in children; overanxious disorder
- unrealistic levels of anxiety lasting longer than 6 months
- worry about everything
- happens when parents focus on overachievement and downplay their actual accomplishments
in children; avoidance behaviors
- child refuses to cope with the anxiety-producing situation by ignoring it
- reactions to divorce, death, or separation
adolescence who ineffectively cope with anxiety often express themselves with inappropriate behavior such as
running away from home becoming angry defiant aggressive manipulative experimenting with drugs engaging in high-risk behaviors
when adult anxieties are not successfully managed, what help problems can result
generalized or situational anxiety disorder panic disorders phobias behavior addictions obsession compulsive activities
what are characteristics of anxiety in older adulthood. what are some behaviors indicating the presence of anxiety
often deny their anxiety
less likely to share feelings
-apathy, changes in eating, sleeping, ability to concentrate, impatience, fatigue
define anxiety disorder
exists when anxiety is expressed in ineffective or maladaptive ways and one’s coping mechanisms do not successfully relieve the distress
anxiety disorders are characterized by types. what are they
generalized panic phobic obsessive-compulsive behavioral post-traumatic
describe generalized anxiety disorder
- when an individual’s anxiety is broad, long lasting, and excessive
- primarily a disturbance in the emotional area
- eventually affects every other aspect of individual
- worried and anxious more often than not
- difficult to control their worries
- occurs in person with IBS, headaches, sleep disturbances, substance abuse
what is generalized anxiety called in children, and how does it differ from adults
overanxious disorder of childhood
-worry about their school performance and social interactions while adults concentrate on worrying about everyday events
describe panic disorder
brief period of intense fear or discomfort
- accompanied by various physical and emotional reactions
- 1 to 15 minutes long
- more common in women
- separated/dived a
- ages 24-44
what are the two kinds of panic disorder
those associated with agoraphobia and those that are not
what is agoraphobia
anxiety about possible situations in which panic attack may occur
avoid ppl, places, or events
-fear accompanies a sense of helplessness and embarrassment
-typically associated with public situations
treatment for panic disorders has what 3 goals
educate client about disorder
- block panic attacks pharmacologically
- assist clients in developing more adaptive ways of coping
define phobia
an internal fear reaction involve specific situations or objects -obsessive in nature -tend to dwell on their object of fear to almost point of fascination -immobilizing
what are some panic attack criteria
must have at least 4 symptoms and reach peak within 10 minutes
- palpitations, pounding heart, fast HR
- sweating
- trembling/shaking
- feelings of SOB
- feelings of choking
- CP or discomfort
- nausea or abdominal distress
- dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded or faint
- derealization or depersonalization
- far of losing control or going crazy
- fear of dying
- paresthesias
- chills or hot flashes
what is the difference btw obsession and compulsion
obsession is a distressing persistent thought
compulsion is a distressing recurring behavior
summarize OCD
- can begin early as 3
- usually begin in adolescence
- most common obsession relate to cleanliness, dirt, germs, aggressive and sexual impulse, health concerns, safety, order and symmetry
how is OCD treated
combination of drug and behavior therapy
-antidepressants and SSRI (selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors)
what is traumatic stress reaction
series of behavioral and emotional responses following an overwhelming stressful event
what are important therapeutic interventions for clients with traumatic stress reaction
providing psychological stability, emotional support, advocacy
what is post-traumatic stress disorder
been exposed to a traumatic experience that was outside the realm of normal life experiences
- intense fear, horror, helplessness
- symptoms include flashbacks, anxiety, depression, and nightmares
how do you treat PTSD
drug therapy, mental health interventions, emotional support
what are three behavioral therapies used successfully in treating phobias
cognitive behavioral therapy
systematic desensitization
flooding