Psychosocial Development

Question 1

Psychosocial Development Approach

Answer 1

Emphasize the influence of society on the development of personality.

Question 2

Psychosocial Crisis

Answer 2

Challenges experienced by an individual in each stages of life.

Question 3

Syntonic

Answer 3

Harmonious elements (e.g. trust)

Question 4

Dystonic

Answer 4

Disruptive elements (e.g. mistrust)

Question 5

Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer 5

From birth to 18 months (infancy). Ego character is hope and core pathology is withdrawal. Oral sensory mode. Babies need to be carried and played with, not just fed. Significant other is the mother.

If the physical and emotional needs of a child are met, they learn to trust people and their environment. In contrast, if the care and love they receive from their parents is inadequate, they develop mistrust and suspicion.

Question 6

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Answer 6

From 18 months to 3 years of age (early childhood). Ego character is will and core pathology is compulsion. Anal- urethral- muscular. Significant individuals are parents.

At this age, babies are able to control their sphincter muscle, which is related to toilet training. If the parents encourage the child to do things on their own, they will develop autonomy. However, if parents are protective, they may develop doubts in dealing with their environment.

Question 7

Initiative vs. Guilt

Answer 7

From 3 to 5 years old (play age). Ego character is purpose while core pathology is inhibition. Genital-locomotor-mode. Most significant individual is family.

Parents who permit their child to explore their environment are allowing them to develop initiative. In contrast, parents curtailing the child’s exploration will develop guilt on the part of the child.

Question 8

Industry vs. Inferiority

Answer 8

From 6 to 12 years of age
(school age). Ego character is competence while core pathology is inertia.