HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
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Human Development
A scientific study of the systematic process of changes and stability in people.
Life-Span Development
From “womb to tomb,” comprising the entire human lifespan from conception to death.
Goals of Human Development
Describe, Predict, Explain, and Intervene (DEPI)
Development is complex
It involves differing notions, facets, and, disciplines which can be best understood by looking at theoretical perspectives on how one influences or contradicts another.
Domains of Development
Physical, Cognitive, and Psychosocial Development
Physical Development
Growth of the body and brain, sensory capacities, motor skills, and health
Cognitive Development
Attention, learning, memory, thinking, language, reasoning, and creativity
Psychosocial Development
Emotions, personality, and social relationships
Individual Indifferences
A study on the individual differences in characteristics, influences, and developmental outcomes.
Nature (heredity)
It involves a biological process and consists of inborn traits and characteristics provided by the child’s parents.
Nurture (environment)
It involves environmental influences outside the body starting at conception from the prenatal environment inside the womb and continuing through life.
Maturation
The natural sequence of unfolding physical and behavioral patterns. Throughout life, maturation influences certain biological processes such as brain development.
Normative Influences
Refers to biological or environmental events that affect many or most individuals in a society in similar ways that touch only certain people.
Normative Age-graded influences
It is highly similar for people in particular age groups. For example, menstruation for girls aged 12.
Normative Historical-graded influences
It is highly experiencing significant events such as war, pandemic, and the great depression that shape the behavior of the historical generation.
Historical generation
A group of people experiencing events at a formative time in their lives.
Cohort
A group of people born at the same time.
Non-normative Influences
Unusual events that have a significant impact on an individual’s life as they disturb the expected life sequence. They are either typical events that happened in an atypical time of life.
Kondrad Lorenz
Austrian zoologists found out that newly hatched ducklings instinctively follow the first moving projects they see regardless of whether the same species or not.
Imprinting
Automatic and Irreversible. It is also a result of a predisposition toward learning which depicts the readiness of an organism to acquire certain information during a brief critical period in life.
Critical period
A specific time when an event, or its absence has an impact on the development
Plasticity
A range of modifiable performance
Sensitive Period
When a developing person is especially responsive to certain kinds of experiences.
Principles of Life-Span Developmental Approach
Development is Lifelong
Development is Multidimensional
Development is Multidirectional
Development shows Plasticity
Development is Contextual
Development is influenced by Cultural and Historical Context
Development involves changing Resource Allocation
Development is lifelong
A lifelong process of change. Each period of a lifespan affected by what happened before will also affect what is to come.
Development is multidimensional
It occurs along multiple dimensions- biological, psychological, and social.
Development is multidirectional
As people gain in one area (expand), they may lose in another (shrink), sometimes at the same time.
Development shows plasticity
Plasticity means the capacity for change such as abilities and skills can be improved or modified. Its limitations depend on which influences the development.
Development is contextual
Therefore development comprises influences such as school, church, families, peers, and country.
Development is influenced by Historical and Cultural Context
Each person is developed by multiple contexts. Biological, cultural, and individual factors work together.
Development involves changing Resource Allocations
Resources include money, time, and energy which can be allocated for growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss when recovery is no longer possible.
