Birthing process and development in the first 3 years

Question 1

Neonatal Period

Answer 1

First four weeks of life, a time of transition from intrauterine dependency (a baby grows inside the mother’s womb) to independent existence
(organism surviving without depending on anything).

Question 2

First few dates of neonates
(newborn babies)

Answer 2

They lose 10 percent of their body weight, primarily due to a loss of fluids.

Question 3

Fifth Day of neonates

Answer 3

They begin to gain weight again

Question 4

Tenth to the fourteenth day of neonates

Answer 4

They are generally back to their birth weight.

Question 5

Distinct features of new babies

Answer 5

Large head (one-fourth the body length) and a receding chin (sloping backwards the neck which makes it easier to nurse.)

Question 6

Reason for new babies distinct features

Answer 6

Due to the molding that eased its passage through the mother’s pelvis, which occurs because an infant’s skull bones are not yet fused, it will not be completely joined for 18 months.

Question 7

Accomplished through the mother’s body before birth

Answer 7

Blood circulation, respiration, nourishment, elimination of waste and temperature regulation.

Question 8

After birth

Answer 8

All of the baby’s systems and functions must operate on their own that occurs during the first four to six hours after delivery.

Question 9

Fetus and mother

Answer 9

Has separate circulatory systems and umbilical cord; fetus blood is cleansed through the umbilical cord which carries used blood to the placenta and returns a fresh supply.

Question 9

Neonate’s blood

Answer 9

Circulates wholly within the baby’s body. The heartbeat at first is fast and irregular and blood pressure does not stabilize until about ten days after birth.

Question 10

Fetus

Answer 10

Gets oxygen from the umbilical cord, which also carries away carbon dioxide.

Question 11

Most babies start to breathe as soon as they are exposed to air.

Answer 11

If breathing has not begun within about five minutes, the baby may suffer permanent brain injury caused by anoxia (lack of oxygen) or hypoxia (a reduce oxygen supply).

Question 12

Infants can be suceptible to respiratory problems

Answer 12

Infants have only one-tenth as many air sacs in their lungs as adults.

Question 13

Anoxia or Hypoxia

Answer 13

May occur during delivery as a result of repeated compression of placenta and umbilical cord with each contraction. This form of birth trauma can leave permanent brain damage, causing mental retardation, behavioral problems or even death.

Question 14

Uterus

Answer 14

It is where the fetus relies on the umbilical cord to bring food from the mother and to carry fetal body wastes away.

Question 15

At birth

Answer 15

Babies instinctively suck to take in milk and their own gastrointestinal secretions to digest.

Question 16

Meconium

Answer 16

A stringy, greenish-black waste matter formed in the fetal intestinal tract and is secreted by infants during the first few days.

Question 17

Sphincter muscles open automatically

Answer 17

Due to the full bowels and bladder, sphincter muscles cannot be controlled by the baby for many months.

Question 18

During the last two months of fetal development, layers of fat start to form.

Answer 18

Enable healthy full-term infants to maintain a stable body temperature after birth, regardless of fluctuations in air temperature.