Psychosocial Development Flashcards
Erik Erikson
German psychologist that created the stages of development
Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development
Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust (Under 1)
Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1-2 year)
Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool years from three to six)
Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority (Middle school years from seven to ten)
Stage 5: Identity vs. Confusion (Teen years from 11 to 19)
Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young adult years from 20 to 44)
Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle age from 45 to 64)
Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair (Older adult 65 to death)
Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust
Happens under 1
Dependent on caregiver for everything
If caregiver does not provide adequate care and trust, child will have mistrust and the fear and belief the world is inconsistent
If trust is developed successfully, the child will feel safe and secure in the world
Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Toddler years from 1-2 years
Children gain independence and start performing actions on their own and making simple decisions
Outcomes: Children who struggle and are shamed for their actions are left without a sense of personal control
Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt
Preschool years from 3-6
Assert power and dominance over the control through play and social interactions
Outcomes: Children successful at this stage feel capable and able to lead others. While those who fail are left with guilt, self-doubt and lack of initiative
Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority
Occurs ages 7-10
Children begin to develop sense of pride in their accomplishments and abilities. Children have to cope with social and academic demands during this time
Children who are encouraged by parents and teachers, feel competent in their skills. Children who have little to no encouragement from teachers and parents will result in feelings of inferiority.
Stage 5: Identity vs. Confusion
Occurs ages 11-19
Main theme: Teens need to develop a sense of personal identity and self
Outcomes: Those who get proper encouragement through personal exploration will emerge with a strong sense of self. Failure in this stage will lead to role confusion and weak sense of self.
Three elements of personality
Id, Ego, Superego
Id
Entirely unconscious and includes instinctive and primitive behaviors
Driven by pleasure principle that strives for immediate gratification of all desires, wants and needs.
Ego
Develops from the id and ensures that the impusles of the id can be expressed in a manner acceptable in the real world
Personality component responsible for dealing with reality and functions in the conscious, preconscious and unconscious mind
Superego
Emerges around age of 5 and holds internalized moral standards and ideals that we acquire from parents and society
Provides guidelines for making judgements
Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Occurs ages 20-44
Main theme: Young adults need to form intimate and loving relationships with each other
Outcomes: Success leads to strong relationships, failure results in loneliness and isolation
Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Occurs ages 40-64
Adults feel the need to create things that will outlast them and create a positive change that benefits other people
Outcomes: Leads to feeling of usefulness and accomplishment, failure results in belief of shallow involvement in the world
Integrity vs. Despair
65 and after
Main Theme: People reflect back on the events of their lives and determine if they’re happy with the life they lived or if they regret the things they did or didn’t do
Outcomes: Those who feel it was well lived feel satisfied and feel ready to face the end of their lives with a sense of pride. Those who look back and feel regret will feel fearful that their lives will end without accomplishing the things they feel they should have.
