Developmental Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Developmental psychology

A

Branch of psychology that studies systematic changes that occur during the lifespan

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2
Q

Stages of development throughout the life span

A

Prenatal period
Infancy period
Toddler period
Preschool period
Middle childhood
Adolescence
Young adulthood
Middle adulthood
Late adulthood

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3
Q

Longitudinal study

A

Researchers repeatedly examine the same individuals to detect any changes that might occur over a period of time

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4
Q

Cross-sectional study

A

Type of research design in which you collect data from many different individuals at a single point in time

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5
Q

Physical development

A

Prenatal
Early childhood
Adolescence
Adulthood
Older age

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6
Q

Stages of prenatal physical development

A

Germinal stage
Embryonic stage
Fetal stage

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7
Q

Prenatal complications

A

Problems with the placenta and teratogens

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8
Q

Teratogens

A

Environmental influence or agent that may harm the developing embryo or fetus

Examples: Alcohol and drugs, nicotine, pollution, undercooked meat and fish infections and viruses

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9
Q

Germinal stage

A

the zygote begins to divide in order to implant into the uterine wall

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10
Q

Embrynic stage

A

Stage of prenatal development from implantation through about the eighth week of preganncy. This is where major organ systems begin to form

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11
Q

Fetal stage

A

Stage of prenatal development in which the fetus develops, beginning around the ninth week of pregnancy and lasting until the birth of the child

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12
Q

Ovulation

A

The release of an egg cell from an ovary

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13
Q

Ovaries

A

The fmeale gonads which secretes estrogen and progesterone and produce mature egg cells

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14
Q

Fallopian tube

A

Straw-like tube between the ovary and the uterus through which an ovum passes after ovulation

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15
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilized egg cell

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16
Q

Fertilization

A

Union of sperm and ovum

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17
Q

uterus

A

Female reproductive organ which nurtues the fertilized ovum

18
Q

Embryo

A

Developing organism at early stage of prenatal development

19
Q

Neural tube

A

Area in the embryo from which the nervous system develops

20
Q

Amiotic sac

A

Uterine sac that contains fetus

21
Q

Placenta

A

Organ that provides for utrients and waste materials between mother and fetus

22
Q

Rubella

A

Common childhood disease that can lead to serious birth defects if contracted by mother

22
Q

Fetus

A

Developing organism in the later stages of prenatal development

23
Q

Spina bifida

A

neural tube defecti n which the chold is born with a hole in the tube surrounding the spinal cord.

24
Sudden infant death syndrome
The sudden and unexplained death of infants usually occur that when they're asleep in their cribs
25
Reflexes
Unlearned, automatic response to a stimulus
26
Rooting reflex
The reflexive turning of a newborn's head in the direction of a touch on the cheek
27
Eyeblink reflex
The reflexive blinking of the eyes that protects a newborn from bright light and roeign objects
28
Sucking reflex
Rhymthmic sucking in response to stimulation of tongue or mouth
29
Moro reflex
Inborn reInborn reflex from a sudden noise, where infants extend their arms and arch their back and bring their arms towards each other
30
Palmer grasp reflex
The relfexive curling of an infant's fingers around an object that touches the pain
31
Babinski reflex
The reflexive fanning out and curling of the infant's toe and inward twisting of the foot when the sole of the foot is stroked
32
Childhood physical development
Brain development, motor development and physical development
33
How puberty is signaled
Hypothalamus triggers the GnRH It is then sent to the pituary gland Pituary gland makes the reproductive stimulating hormones Sends to reproductive organs They make testoesterone, estrogen and progestrone
34
Puberty relationship with the brain
Development of more mature and efficient brain networks
35
Front
Critical thinking and planning
36
Bottom curve
Learning and memory
37
How puberty affects learning
Unused connections in the prefrontal cortex are pruned. Other connections strengthened. The brain becomes more efficient with info processing and organization, Hormones attach to brain cells, S Striatum development opens us up to feedback-based learning, Stratum development opens us up to reward-based learning.
38
Adolecent physical development ages
Females = 8-15 Males = 9-15
39
Adult Physical Development
Women ---> Menopause Men ---> Andropause