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Health maintenance > psychosocail > Flashcards

psychosocail Flashcards

1
Q

anorexia is more common in

A

women (90% of cases)

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2
Q

anorexia is a

A

clients refusal or inability to maintain minimal body weight

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3
Q

males with anorexia are more likely to

A

not seek treatment

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4
Q

anorexia is an intense fear of

A

gaining weights or becoming fat, a disturbed body image and inability to acknowledge the problem

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5
Q

subgroup of anorexia 1

A

lose weight through diet, fasting, excessive exercising

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6
Q

subgroup of anorexia 2

A

binge eating and purging

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7
Q

bulimia nervosa is

A

binge eating characterized by any recurrent episodes of binge eating and the inappropriate behaviors to avoid weight gain such as purging, fasting, and exercising (they often engage in eating in secret)

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8
Q

anorexia is onset at ages of

A

14-18yrs

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9
Q

risk factors for anorexia

A

intense fear of becoming over weight
distorted body image
control issues/OCD
B/c we emphasize self worth equated to beauty

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10
Q

start assessing for anorexia around what age?

A

age 9

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11
Q

other signs of anorexia

A

isolation, mistrust, paranoia

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12
Q

treatment of anorexia

A

can be very difficult if the patient is refusing to seek treatment/help

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13
Q

medical management of anorexia

A

weight restoration, nutritional rehab, rehydration, correct electrolyte imbalance, TPN

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14
Q

people with anorexia are at risk for

A

osteoporosis (rt amenorrhea)

cardiac problems

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15
Q

pharmacological treatment of anorexia

A

has shown little success

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16
Q

people with anorexia have

A

decreased metabolism
decreased thyroid
become emaciated

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17
Q

Bulimia is

A

begins in late adolescence or early adulthood, binge eating after dieting or fasting then purging between binge eating and purging episodes eat restrictively which sets them up for the next episode of binging and purging

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18
Q

Signs of someone with bulimia

A

bad teeth, bad breath, calluces on fingers from shoving finger in throat, appearance, motor behavior, mood and effect, self-concept, roles and relationships, physiologic and self care considerations

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19
Q

most effective treatment for bulimia

A

cognitive/behavioral therapy

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20
Q

when therapeutically communicating with someone with bulimia you want to

A

remain calm and praise small things

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21
Q

nursing interventions for someone with bulimia

A

establish nutritional and eating patterns, identifying emotions, developing coping strategies, dealing with body image issues, providing client and family education

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22
Q

therapeutic communication while talking to someone with an eating disorders

A

remain empathetic and non judgmental
avoid sounding parental
do not label clients as “good” when they avoid purging or eat a whole meal (maybe just acknowledge what they say)
remaining calm and praising small things

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23
Q

Altruism

A

stressors and emotional conflicts are addressed by meeting the needs of others

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24
Q

Sublimation

A

substituting a socially acceptable activity for an impulse that is unacceptable

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25
Q

humor

A

emphasizing the amusing aspects of life and stress

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26
Q

suppression

A

conscious exclusion of unacceptable thought and feelings from conscious awareness

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27
Q

repression

A

excluding emotionally painful or anxiety producing thoughts and feelings from the conscious (long term)

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28
Q

displacement

A

ventilation of intense feelings towards persons less threatening than the one who aroused those feelings (chain of screaming)

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29
Q

reaction formation

A

acting the opposite of what someone thinks or feels

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30
Q

somatization

A

transferring anxiety on an unconscious level to a physical symptom that has no organic cause

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31
Q

undoing

A

exhibiting acceptable behavior to make up for or negate an unacceptable behavior

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32
Q

rationalization

A

excusing own behavior to avoid guilt/responsibility/conflict/anxiety/loss of self respect

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33
Q

passive agressive

A

indirectly and unassertively expressing aggression towards others

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34
Q

acting out behaviors

A

addresses stressors by actions rather than reflections or feelings

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35
Q

dissociation

A

dealing with emotional conflict by a temporary alteration in consciousness or identity

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36
Q

devaluation

A

conflicts handled by attributing negative qualities to self or others

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37
Q

idealization

A

conflicts handled by attributing exaggerated positive qualities to others

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38
Q

splitting

A

inability to integrate positive and negative qualities of self and others into a cohesive whole ( personality disorders)

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39
Q

projections

A

unconsciously rejects emotionally unacceptable personal features and attributes them to other people, objects or situations through projection

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40
Q

denial

A

failure to acknowledge an unbearable condition or reality of a situation

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41
Q

anxiety is

A

a vague feeling of dread or apprehension or response to external or internal stimuli that can have behavioral, emotional, cognitive, or physical symptoms

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42
Q

anxiety is not the same as

A

fear

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43
Q

fear is feeling

A

threatened by external stimulus

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44
Q

anxiety can serve a

A

positive function

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45
Q

alarm reaction stage

A

the first stage of the general adaptation syndrome, in which the body responds to stress by exhibiting shock

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46
Q

resistance stage

A

Resistance is the second stage of the general adaptation syndrome. During this stage the body has increased capacity to respond to the stressor. Due to high energetic costs the body cannot maintain high levels of resistance to stress forever

47
Q

exhaustion stage

A

The third stage is exhaustion. Hopefully the issue is resolved in the alarm or resistance stage, but the body cannot maintain the resistance stage for a long period of time.

48
Q

levels of anxiety

A

mild, something that is different and warrants special attention
moderate, something definitely wrong becomes nervous or agitated
severe, defensive response ensures, cognitive skills decrease

49
Q

anxiolytic drugs

A

benzodiazepines

nonbenzodiazepines

50
Q

anxiety is the highest prevalent

A

mental disorder in the united states

51
Q

gerentological considerations when it comes to anxiety

A

they may have dementia/anxiety related to not being able to remember things

52
Q

why is anxiety so strong in the us

A

were a future focused society rather then present focused society

53
Q

agorophobia

A

fear if people/talking to people/ going out

54
Q

panic disorder

A

composed of discrete episodes of panic attacks 15-30 minutes, persons feel extreme fear and discomfort

55
Q

s and s of an anxiety attack

A

SOB, sweating, tremors, palpitations, sense of suffocation , chest pain, nausea, sense of suffocation, nausea, abd pain, distress, parethesias, chills, hot flashes

56
Q

primary gain of anxiety

A

I dont wanna deal with anxiety so i am not gonna go out

57
Q

secondary gain of anxiety

A

using someone to enable your anxiety

58
Q

Nursing intervention

A

using theraputic communication, managing anxiety, and providing client and family education

59
Q

deffinition of a phobia

A

an illogical intense and persistent fear of a specific object or social situation that causes extreme distress and interferes with normal functioning. people may not understand why they have this fear and may even joke about it being “silly”

60
Q

treatment for phobias

A

desenitization and flooding

61
Q

flooding

A

doing fear all at once, in controlled safe enviorment

62
Q

desensitization

A

slowly exposing the person to the fear

63
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

worries excessively about and feels highly anxious at least 50% of the time for 6 months or more

64
Q

three or more of the symptoms indicate GAD

A

uneasiness, irritability, muscle tension, fatigue, difficulty thinking, sleep alterations, decreases quality of life for older adults

65
Q

what happens when a person looses excess amounts of sleep?

A

they become irritable and can have hallucinations

66
Q

Autism spectrum disorder is the newer term for

A

disorders previously known as pervasive developmental disorder

67
Q

during 4-6 what happens that can cause autism

A

issues with neural tube defects, no blood brain barrier so brain is unprotected

68
Q

head of a child consists of about ____% of BW

A

25%

69
Q

head of an adult consists about __% of BW

A

2%

70
Q

what could be the cause of autism?

A

drugs/poor nutrition
traumatic brain injury
lack of touch and compassion
Shaken baby syndrome

71
Q

autism is more coming in what gender group?

A

boys

72
Q

autism is often identified in the age group of

A

18 mos to 3 years

73
Q

signs of autism

A

limited capacity to relate to peers, facial expressions, limited gestures to communicate, lack of spontaneous enjoyment, no emotional affect and cannot engage in make believe toys, little intelligible speech and engage in stereotyped motor behaviors

74
Q

there is a what to autism?

A

genetic factor

75
Q

autism can improve as

A

children learn how to communicate

76
Q

goals of treatment include

A

reduce behavioral issues and symptoms to promote acquisition of language skills

77
Q

pharamacological management

A

Haldol and risperidol for temper tantrums

78
Q

expressive aphasia

A

cannot say what you want to say

79
Q

receptive aphasia

A

cannot understand what people say

80
Q

Retts multiple deficits

A

formal diagnosed disorder
deficits after a normal period of functioning
exclusive in girls 5mos to 1yr severe impairement and expressive and receptive language becomes evident as you get older

81
Q

childhood disintrgrative disorders are

A

rare and more common in boys

82
Q

aspergers disorder PPD

A

same impairment of social interactions restricted interests or behaviors, no language or cognitive disorders, more often in boys than girls

83
Q

encopresis

A

pooping in bed

84
Q

enuresis

A

bed wetting

85
Q

ADHD

A

characterized by inattention, over activity, and impulsiveness
common however more common in boys, accounts for more mental health referrals than any other single disorder

86
Q

distinguishing ADHD from ______ is important butu difficult

A

bipolar disorder

87
Q

onset of ADHD

A

preschool, fussy, temperamental poor sleeping patterns, dart back and forth and cannot tolerate sedentary things such as stories.
starts school symptoms and significantly interfere with performance and behavior
70% of those diagnosed can continue to have problems into adulthood
70-75% of adults with ADHD have other psychiatric diagnoses
(OCD, risky behaviors, depression)

88
Q

etiology of ADHD

A

unknown, difference in brain imaging and genetic link

89
Q

risk factors for ADHD

A

Hx. male relatives with ADHD, Alchoholism, male relatives antisocial personalities, female relatives with somatization disorder, lower socioeconomic status, males, family discord, low birth weight and various kinds of brain insult

90
Q

treatment of ADHD

A

no one found effective, different approaches, chronic issue

psychopharm- Ritalin and adderall (have some bad adverse effects)

91
Q

assessment of a child with ADHD

A

inattention, cannot concentrate on anything, cannot get organized, can not follow 3 step commands

92
Q

interventions for child with ADHD

A 
ensuring safety
improving role performance 
simplify instruction 
promote a structured daily routine 
providing client, family education, and support
93
Q

intellectual disability defined as

A

below average intellectual functioning IQ less than 70 and limitations in adaptive functioning

94
Q

causes of intellectual disability

A

tay-sachs disease, fragile X syndrome, trisomy 21, maternal alcohol intake, (FAS), fetal malnutrition, hypoxia, infections, trauma, lead poisoning, deprivation of nurturing or stimulation

95
Q

physical features of FAS

A

flat mid-face, failure to thrive, wide set face, PKU is off, if corrected early enough the child wont have as many severe issues

96
Q

dissociative disorders

A

subconscious defense mechanisms that help protect a person from recognizing some horrific or traumatic event by allowing the mind to forget or remove self from painful situation/memory
disruption integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity or environmental perception

97
Q

dissociative disorders are seen in

A

patients with PTSD

98
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

Dissociative amnesia occurs when a person blocks out certain information, usually associated with a stressful or traumatic event, leaving him or her unable to remember important personal information, caused by extremely traumatic events

99
Q

dissociative identity disorder

A

A disorder characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states.

100
Q

depersonalization disorder

A

perception of self is skewed in order to protect emotional well being

101
Q

derealization disorder

A

reoccuring experience with the unreality of surroundings, however reality remains intact, “dream like sense”

102
Q

somatic symptom disorder

A

transfer of mental experience into symptoms, illness characterized by presence of physical symptoms with out organic cause

103
Q

conversion disorder

A

conversion reaction- unexplained sudden sensory or motor deficits caused by extreme stress. paralysis or blindness for example

104
Q

pain disorder

A

pain unrelieved by analgesics affected by psychological factors in terms of onset, severity, exacerbation and maintenance

105
Q

hypochondriasis

A

fear that one will develop a serious disease

106
Q

difference between somatic disorders and malingering disorders

A

somatic disorders are not fabricated

107
Q

in malingering and factitious disorders people will,

A

willfully control their symptoms

108
Q

people with malingering disorder is

A

motivated by something they need, external incentives, (ex. get out of work) and they can stop the symptoms as soon as they wanted

109
Q

factitious disorder

A

imposed onself- person intentionally produces or feigns physical harm ex munchausen’s syndrome

110
Q

munchausens syndrome

A

hurting yourself for attention

111
Q

munchausens syndrome by proxy

A

hurting your child or family member for attention

112
Q

interalization

A

keep stress, anxiety and frustration with in and express through physical somatization of symptoms

113
Q

primary gains of somatization disorders

A

direct relief of being sick provides relief of anxiety conflict or distress

114
Q

secondary gains of somatization disorders

A

internal or personal benefits received from others because one is sick, such as attention from family and comfort measures. Person “needs to be sick” to have emotional needs met

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