Fluid and electrolytes balance Flashcards
Decreased albumin is indicative of
poor nutritional status
Treatments that cause imbalances
Chemo
IV TPN
NG decomposition
Mechanical ventilation
How to calculate pack history
Packs x years
Decreased albumin indicates
Poor nutritional status
NG tubes offer
Intermittent suction and prevents gastric distention
Examples of transcellular fluid
Sweat and digestive fluids
ADH
Preserves sodium and prevents loss of water produced by pituitary gland
Aldosterone
Conserves fluid and salt
Produced by adrenal glands
Insensible loss is
Sweat and water vapor from lungs
Decreased albumin leads to
Fluid excess
Water weaps out in sores
Edema
Edema 1
Swelling
Edema 2
Pitting 1-4
Edema 3
Ascites
Edema 4
Palpate and see water move
Decreased volume increases
Osmolarity
Place someone with JVD in
Semi fowlers position
Fluid volume excess signs and symptoms
Weight gain Pitting edema JVD cough Dyspnea Cardiac palpations Decrease urine out put Mental status changes
Causes fluid volume deficit
Diarrhea Diuretics Vomiting Gastric decompression Anorexia Increasing fatigue Weight loss Fever Excessive urine out put Changes in mental status Burns Blood loss
FVD assessment signs and symptoms
Decrease in weight Decrease in skin turgor Decrease in urine output Decrease in blood pressure Decrease in strength Elevated pulse Concentrated urine Thirst Cool and clammy Elevated bun and creatinine
Purpose of nasogastric tubes is to
offer intermittent suction of large amounts of gastric acid, prevents gastric distention
Mechanical ventilation can cause
fluid/electrolyte imbalances
what do tracheostomys do?
offer ventilation so the chest muscles can relax
Aldosterone
Produced by adrenal glands aids in conservation of sodium, secretion of potassium and water retention to maintain stable BP
increased hematocrit with
dehydration
BUN:creatnine ratio
1:20
females Hg
12 to 15.5 g/dL
males Hg
13.5 to 17.5 g/dL
females HCT
35-44.5%
Males HCT
38.8-50%
hypernatremia signs, symptoms, PCs
High blood pressure, high heart rate, muscle spasms, thirst, hypervolemia decreased urine output, increased specific gravity
Hyponatremia signs, symptons, PCs
Low blood pressure/ low heart rate, syncope, hypovolemia, orthostatic hypotension, increases urine output, headache, decreased specific gravity
Hyperkalemia signs, symptoms, PCs
irregular pulse, decreased blood pressure, muscle spasm, increased motility, cardiac dysrhythmias
Hypokalemia signs symptoms PCs
irregular pulse, orthostatic hypotension, anxiety, confusion, decreased motility, muscle weakness
Hypercalciemia signs symptoms PCs
Bradycardia in the beginning and can lead to cardiac arrest in late stages, renal caliculi, weakness, decreased motility
Chvosteks sign
contraction of facial muscles in response to a light tap over the
facial nerve in the front ear
trousseau’s sign
carpal spasm induced by inflating a blood pressure cuff above
the systolic pressure for a few minutes
causes of hypocalcemia
hypoparathyroidism, renal disorders, vit d inadequacy, blood transfusions, hyper or hypo magnesium
signs symptoms and PC of hypocalcemia
decreased blood pressure and heart rate, tetany and spasms, decreased motility
Causes of Hypermagnesuim
taking malox or milk of magnesuim, hypothyroidism, addisons disease
signs symptoms and PCs of hypermagnesuim
Diminshed DTRs, bradycardia, dysrhythmias, hypotension
causes of hypomagnesuim
intestinal issues, renal issues, burns, hyperaldosteronism, hypercalcemia
signs and symptoms of hypomagnesuim
intestinal issues, renal issues, burns, hyperaldosteronism, hypercalcemia
