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Health maintenance > MSI > Flashcards

MSI Flashcards

1
Q

in order for pressure ulcers to heal ______ _____ must be corrected

A

Protein deficiency

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2
Q

foods high in protein

A

tofu, eggs, meat, fish, cheese

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3
Q

anoxia

A

absence of oxygen

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4
Q

contributing factors to pressure ulcers

A 
immobility
prominent boney areas 
subcutaneous tissues 
congnition 
sensory perception 
nutrition 
shear mostiure
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5
Q

gerontological considerations

A 
skin thickness 
elasticity 
collagen 
sebaceous
sweat glands
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6
Q

pressure ulcer sites

A 
occiput
ear
scapula 
elbow
sacrum
greater trochanter 
ischial tuberosities 
medial condyle of tibia 
fibular head 
medial malleolus
lateral malleolus
heel
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7
Q

the lower the braden score…. the higher the ___ is

A

risk for pressure ulcer

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8
Q

braden score considers what?

A 
sensory perception
degree of moisture on skin 
activity 
mobility 
nutrition 
friction and shear
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9
Q

stage 1 pressure ulcer

A 
erythmea 
intact skin 
no blanching 
colors may differ (possibly purple)
painful, soft, hot or cold
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10
Q

stage 2 pressure ulcers

A

partial thickness
loss of dermis
may be a blood filled blister
may be shiny or dry with out slough or blistering

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11
Q

stage 3 pressure ulcer

A

full thickness tissue loss

subcutaneous layer may be visible but tendon bone or muscle is not exposed

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12
Q

stage 4 pressure ulcer

A

full thickness
can see tendons or bone
slough and eschar
may include tunneling

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13
Q

what is possible with a stage 4 pressure ulcer

A

osteomyletsis

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14
Q

unstageable pressure ulcers

A

base of the would cannot be seen

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15
Q

eschar that should not be removed

A

if it is stable, it is the bodies natural covering and healing

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16
Q

treatment of stage I pressure ulcers

A 
improve risk factors 
relieve pressure 
improve nutrition 
fluid and electrolyte balance 
moisture 
friction and shear
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17
Q

treatment of stage II pressure ulcers

A

(include all things of stage I pressure ulcer treatment)
cleanse gently
avoidance
dressing changes

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18
Q

treatment of stage III and V pressure ulcers

A 
mechanical flushing 
topical enzyme debriedment 
surgical debridement 
skin grafts 
physical therapy 
diet
19
Q

assessments when assessing pressure ulcer dressings

A

drainage
constriction
sensation
irritation from the tape

20
Q

complete fracture

A

involves a break that is across a cross section

21
Q

incomplete fracture

A

involves a break through part of the cross section of the bone

22
Q

pathological fracture

A

a fracture due to a diseased bone

23
Q

comminuted fracture

A

produces several bone fragments

24
Q

closed fracture

A

does not cause a break in the skin

25
Q

open fracture

A

skin or mucus membrane wound extends to the fractured bone

26
Q

intrarticular fracture

A

cartilaginous

27
Q

stage 1 fractures

A

less that 1 cm

28
Q

stage 2 fractures

A

larger wound with out extensive tissue damage

29
Q

stage 3 fracture

A

highly contaminated with large amounts of tissues damage, may be accompanied by traumatic amputation

30
Q

signs of a fracture

A 
acute pain
loss of function 
deformity 
shortening of the extremity 
crepitus 
localized edema and ecchymosis
31
Q

emergency management of fractures

A

immobilize fracture at the joints proximal and distal to the fracture
adequate splinting
assess neurovascular status and pulses proximal and distal to fracture

32
Q

fracture reduction

A

restoration of the fracture fragments to anatomical alignment and positioning

33
Q

closed reduction

A

bringing the fragments together with manual traction (cast splint and other devices)

34
Q

fiberglass cast

A

comprised of polyurethane has more versitility than plaster
lighter
stronger
more water resistant
reaches full rigidity within 30 minutes of application

35
Q

plaster cast

A 
made of plaster 
less costly 
achieves a better mold than fiber glass 
heavy
not water resistant
36
Q

traction

A

application of pulling force to realign a joint
decreases muscle spasms and pain
realignment of bones and corrections orprevention of deformities

37
Q

straight or running traction

A

applies the pulling force straight in line with the body in bed

38
Q

buck extension traction

A

skin traction to the lower leg

39
Q

skin traction

A

applied to skin

40
Q

skeletal traction

A

applied directly to the bony skeleton

41
Q

intracapsular fracture

A

fractures of the neck of the femur

42
Q

extracapsular fracture

A

fractures of the trochanter region and between the base of neck and the lesser trochanter of the subtrochanteric area

43
Q

gerentological considerations

A

less bone density
stress and immobility
confusion muscle weakness

Health maintenance (12 decks)

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