Psychosis treatment Flashcards
What is psychosis?
A mental disorder characterized by a loss of contact with reality, including hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking.
Who is John Forbes Nash Jr.?
A Nobel Prize-winning mathematician whose struggles with schizophrenia were depicted in A Beautiful Mind.
Who is Syd Barrett?
Founder of Pink Floyd, who experienced psychosis, influencing the band’s music.
What percentage of individuals with psychosis experience a good outcome?
40%
What percentage of individuals with psychosis achieve full recovery?
13.5%
What is the Dopamine Hypothesis in relation to psychosis?
Excess dopamine activity in certain brain pathways contributes to psychotic symptoms.
What causes delusions and hallucinations according to the Dopamine Hypothesis?
Hyperactivity in the mesolimbic pathway.
What is linked to negative symptoms like cognitive deficits and social withdrawal?
Hypoactivity in the mesocortical pathway.
List the four dopaminergic pathways mentioned in relation to psychosis.
- Mesolimbic Pathway
- Mesocortical Pathway
- Nigrostriatal Pathway
- Tuberoinfundibular Pathway
What genetic factors can increase susceptibility to psychosis?
Certain genetic variations.
What environmental stressors may trigger symptoms of psychosis?
- Childhood trauma
- Substance misuse
- Migration
What did the study by Power et al. (2015) find regarding schizophrenia and creativity?
A significant association between genetic predisposition to schizophrenia and creativity in an Icelandic cohort.
How do antipsychotic medications primarily work?
By blocking dopamine receptors, especially in the mesolimbic pathway.
What are First-Generation Antipsychotics (FGAs) effective in treating?
Positive symptoms such as hallucinations.
What is a high risk associated with First-Generation Antipsychotics (FGAs)?
Extrapyramidal side effects such as tremors and rigidity.
What do Second-Generation Antipsychotics (SGAs) manage?
Both positive and negative symptoms.
What are some risks associated with Second-Generation Antipsychotics (SGAs)?
- Cardiometabolic issues
- Weight gain
- Diabetes
What is Clozapine used for?
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
What did the meta-analysis by Leucht et al. (2012) find about relapse rates?
- Antipsychotics: 27%
- Placebo: 64%
What does Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) target in psychosis treatment?
Dysfunctional beliefs, delusions, and hallucinations.
What is the role of family therapy in treating psychosis?
Educating families to support the patient and reduce relapse rates.
What is Open Dialogue Therapy focused on?
Minimal medication and family-centered care.
What are some challenges associated with antipsychotic treatments?
- Movement disorders
- Cardiometabolic risks
- Polypharmacy
What are some movement disorders caused by antipsychotics?
- Parkinsonism
- Tardive Dyskinesia
What percentage of inpatients are on more than one medication?
40%
What are Glutamatergic Drugs focused on?
The glutamate system for better symptom control.
What do Acetylcholine Modulators target?
Cognitive deficits and negative symptoms.
What did Sendt et al. (2012) emphasize regarding psychosis treatment?
The need for novel medications to overcome the limitations of current treatments.
