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Basic mental health > Bipolar Disorder > Flashcards

Bipolar Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

What is bipolar disorder?

A

A recurrent mood disorder that involves both episodes of mania and depression.

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2
Q

What are the main types of bipolar disorders?

A
  • Bipolar I Disorder
  • Bipolar II Disorder
  • Cyclothymic Disorder
  • Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder
  • Mixed States
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3
Q

Define Bipolar I Disorder.

A

Characterized by manic or mixed episodes and recurrent major depressive episodes.

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4
Q

Define Bipolar II Disorder.

A

Characterized by recurrent major depression along with hypomanic episodes.

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5
Q

What is Cyclothymic Disorder?

A

Chronic mood disturbances that don’t meet the full criteria for mania or depression for at least two years.

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6
Q

What defines Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder?

A

At least four episodes of mania, hypomania, or depression within one year.

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7
Q

What are the manic symptoms of bipolar disorder?

A
  • Euphoria
  • Grandiosity
  • Diminished need for sleep
  • Pressured speech
  • Impulsivity
  • Excessive libido
  • Recklessness
  • Distractibility
  • Racing thoughts
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8
Q

What are the depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder?

A
  • Persistent sadness
  • Hopelessness
  • Irritability
  • Cognitive difficulties
  • Anxiety
  • Hostility
  • Risk of suicide
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9
Q

What can accompany manic and depressive states in bipolar disorder?

A
  • Cognitive symptoms (e.g., distractibility)
  • Psychotic symptoms (e.g., delusions, hallucinations)
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10
Q

Who first introduced the concept of ‘folie circulaire’?

A

French psychiatrist Falret in the 1850s.

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11
Q

What is the DSM-5?

A

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, which provides criteria for diagnosing bipolar disorder.

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12
Q

What characterizes a manic episode according to DSM-5?

A

At least one week of elevated mood with increased activity or energy, plus at least three additional symptoms.

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13
Q

What is a hypomanic episode?

A

Similar to manic episodes but less severe, lasting at least four days without marked impairment in functioning.

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14
Q

How does Bipolar I Disorder differ from Bipolar II Disorder?

A

Bipolar I involves full manic episodes, while Bipolar II involves hypomanic episodes and recurrent major depressive episodes.

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15
Q

What is a key screening question for diagnosing bipolar disorder?

A

Have you ever had a period when you were feeling so good or hyper that others thought you were not your normal self?

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16
Q

What distinguishes schizoaffective disorder from psychotic depression?

A
  • Schizoaffective Disorder: Major mood episode plus schizophrenia symptoms for at least two weeks without a mood episode
  • Psychotic Depression: Depressive symptoms with mood-congruent psychotic features
17
Q

What is the lifetime prevalence of Bipolar I and Bipolar II disorders?

A
  • Bipolar I: 1%
  • Bipolar II: 1.1%
18
Q

What are common comorbid psychiatric conditions in bipolar disorder?

A

75% of individuals have at least one other psychiatric disorder.

19
Q

What are the primary treatment methods for bipolar disorder?

A
  • Pharmacological treatments (e.g., mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, antidepressants)
  • Psychotherapy (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychoeducation)
20
Q

What is the economic impact of bipolar disorder in the UK?

A

Annual cost is around £2 billion, with socio-economic costs estimated at £5.2 billion.

21
Q

What percentage of patients with bipolar disorder have additional medical issues?

A

Over 59%.

22
Q

True or False: Cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder can persist even in euthymic phases.

A

True

23
Q

What is the suicide risk for individuals with bipolar disorder compared to the general population?

A

15-20 times higher.

24
Q

What is a common misdiagnosis for bipolar disorder?

A

Major depressive disorder (MDD).

25
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary treatment for bipolar disorder involves _______.

A

[mood stabilizers, psychotherapy]

Not antidepressants

26
Q

What role does psychoeducation play in treating bipolar disorder?

A

Essential to help with understanding and managing behaviours symptoms and triggers and reduce recurrence risk.

27
Q

What is a key consideration in the differential diagnosis of bipolar disorder?

A

Unipolar depression due to significant symptom overlap.

28
Q

What is the historical context of bipolar disorder classification?

A

Evolved from ‘folie circulaire’ to ‘manic-depressive illness’ to modern classifications.

Basic mental health (7 decks)

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