Bipolar Disorder Flashcards
What is bipolar disorder?
A recurrent mood disorder that involves both episodes of mania and depression.
What are the main types of bipolar disorders?
- Bipolar I Disorder
- Bipolar II Disorder
- Cyclothymic Disorder
- Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder
- Mixed States
Define Bipolar I Disorder.
Characterized by manic or mixed episodes and recurrent major depressive episodes.
Define Bipolar II Disorder.
Characterized by recurrent major depression along with hypomanic episodes.
What is Cyclothymic Disorder?
Chronic mood disturbances that don’t meet the full criteria for mania or depression for at least two years.
What defines Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder?
At least four episodes of mania, hypomania, or depression within one year.
What are the manic symptoms of bipolar disorder?
- Euphoria
- Grandiosity
- Diminished need for sleep
- Pressured speech
- Impulsivity
- Excessive libido
- Recklessness
- Distractibility
- Racing thoughts
What are the depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder?
- Persistent sadness
- Hopelessness
- Irritability
- Cognitive difficulties
- Anxiety
- Hostility
- Risk of suicide
What can accompany manic and depressive states in bipolar disorder?
- Cognitive symptoms (e.g., distractibility)
- Psychotic symptoms (e.g., delusions, hallucinations)
Who first introduced the concept of ‘folie circulaire’?
French psychiatrist Falret in the 1850s.
What is the DSM-5?
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, which provides criteria for diagnosing bipolar disorder.
What characterizes a manic episode according to DSM-5?
At least one week of elevated mood with increased activity or energy, plus at least three additional symptoms.
What is a hypomanic episode?
Similar to manic episodes but less severe, lasting at least four days without marked impairment in functioning.
How does Bipolar I Disorder differ from Bipolar II Disorder?
Bipolar I involves full manic episodes, while Bipolar II involves hypomanic episodes and recurrent major depressive episodes.
What is a key screening question for diagnosing bipolar disorder?
Have you ever had a period when you were feeling so good or hyper that others thought you were not your normal self?
What distinguishes schizoaffective disorder from psychotic depression?
- Schizoaffective Disorder: Major mood episode plus schizophrenia symptoms for at least two weeks without a mood episode
- Psychotic Depression: Depressive symptoms with mood-congruent psychotic features
What is the lifetime prevalence of Bipolar I and Bipolar II disorders?
- Bipolar I: 1%
- Bipolar II: 1.1%
What are common comorbid psychiatric conditions in bipolar disorder?
75% of individuals have at least one other psychiatric disorder.
What are the primary treatment methods for bipolar disorder?
- Pharmacological treatments (e.g., mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, antidepressants)
- Psychotherapy (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychoeducation)
What is the economic impact of bipolar disorder in the UK?
Annual cost is around £2 billion, with socio-economic costs estimated at £5.2 billion.
What percentage of patients with bipolar disorder have additional medical issues?
Over 59%.
True or False: Cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder can persist even in euthymic phases.
True
What is the suicide risk for individuals with bipolar disorder compared to the general population?
15-20 times higher.
What is a common misdiagnosis for bipolar disorder?
Major depressive disorder (MDD).
