Personslity disorders Flashcards
What are the three key characteristics of Personality Disorders (PDs)?
- Pervasive
- Problematic
- Persistent
These characteristics indicate that PDs affect multiple life aspects, cause distress or impairment, and are stable over time (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
What are the four core elements that define Personality Disorders?
- Distorted Thinking Patterns
- Problematic Emotional Responses
- Over or Under-Regulated Impulse Control
- Interpersonal Difficulties
These elements highlight the dysfunction in thoughts, emotions, impulses, and relationships associated with PDs.
What are the key components of personality functioning?
- Self: Identity and self-direction
- Interpersonal: Empathy and intimacy
These components reflect how individuals manage their identity and relationships.
What is the difference between self-regulation and co-regulation?
- Self-Regulation: Internal ability to manage emotions and behaviors
- Co-Regulation: Social relationships influencing emotional regulation
These concepts describe how individuals control their emotions both internally and through social interactions.
What is the global prevalence of Personality Disorders?
7.8%
This figure reflects the estimated prevalence of PDs worldwide (Winsper et al., 2019).
What are the heritability estimates for Personality Disorder traits?
30-60%
This estimate indicates the genetic contribution to the development of PD traits (Reich-Kjennerud, 2008).
List the three clusters of Personality Disorders in the Categorical Model.
- Cluster A (Odd & Eccentric)
- Cluster B (Dramatic & Emotional)
- Cluster C (Anxious & Fearful)
Each cluster groups specific personality disorders based on shared characteristics.
What is Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) primarily focused on?
- Mindfulness
- Emotion regulation
- Distress tolerance
- Interpersonal effectiveness
DBT is a psychological therapy designed to help individuals with emotional dysregulation, particularly in BPD.
True or False: Medication is the primary treatment approach for Personality Disorders.
False
Psychological or psychosocial interventions are the main treatment approaches, with medication used less frequently.
What are the challenges in distinguishing between Personality Disorders and other psychiatric disorders?
- Misdiagnosis due to symptom overlap
- Classification and construct validity issues
- Gender differences in diagnosis
These challenges complicate accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
Fill in the blank: The diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder is often considered _______.
controversial
This controversy arises from issues such as stigma and the connection to trauma.
What are the main treatment approaches for Personality Disorders?
- Psychological or psychosocial interventions
- Medication (limited evidence)
Most research focuses on treatments for Borderline Personality Disorder.
What type of therapy integrates elements from multiple therapeutic approaches, including CBT and Attachment Theory?
Schema Therapy
Schema Therapy is designed to address maladaptive schemas that affect behavior and emotions.
What is the role of Community Mental Health Teams (CMHT) in the treatment of Personality Disorders?
- Provide day-to-day support
- Promote independence
CMHTs consist of various professionals who collaborate to support individuals with PDs.
What is a significant concern related to the stigma of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)?
Pathologizing trauma responses
Many individuals with BPD have histories of trauma, and the diagnosis may overlook their legitimate reactions.
What are the implications of the ICD-11 for the diagnosis of Personality Disorders?
May increase diagnoses of Emerging PD
The ICD-11 could lead to more individuals being recognized as having personality disorders.
What is the importance of a lifespan approach in understanding Personality Disorders?
Key to understanding the causes of PDs
This approach considers how personality may develop and change over time.
True or False: The effectiveness of medications for Personality Disorders is well established.
False
The effectiveness of medications remains uncertain, with limited evidence supporting their use.
What is a key characteristic of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) related to its stigma?
BPD is often considered one of the most stigmatizing mental health diagnoses.
Stigma can lead to negative perceptions and discrimination against individuals with BPD.
What historical experiences are commonly associated with individuals diagnosed with BPD?
Many people with BPD have histories of abuse.
This connection suggests that the diagnosis may pathologize trauma responses.
How do BPD moods differ from those in Bipolar Disorder?
BPD moods are reactive to interpersonal events rather than episodic.
In contrast, Bipolar Disorder involves clear mood episodes like mania or depression.
What are the main features of Complex PTSD compared to BPD?
Complex PTSD is linked to trauma and involves emotional dysregulation, dissociation, and trust issues, while BPD includes chronic instability in relationships, self-image, and emotions.
This highlights the different emotional and relational challenges faced by individuals with these diagnoses.
What distinguishes Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) from Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
OCPD is characterized by a rigid need for control, order, and perfectionism without distressing intrusive thoughts, while OCD involves intrusive, distressing obsessions and compulsions.
This distinction is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
What is a key difference between Avoidant Personality Disorder (AVPD) and Social Phobia?
AVPD includes deep-seated feelings of inadequacy and avoidance of social interactions due to fear of rejection, while Social Phobia is characterized by fear of social scrutiny without pervasive feelings of inferiority.
Understanding these differences aids in determining appropriate therapeutic approaches.
What are two key considerations in the classification of Personality Disorders (PDs)?
- Are these distinct disorders that frequently co-occur?
- Are they overlapping constructs that exist on a continuum?
These considerations influence how PDs are understood and treated.
What diagnostic challenges were highlighted in the case study of Jess?
Jess was diagnosed with BPD at 18 but later had her diagnosis changed to Autism, highlighting diagnostic challenges and potential misinterpretation of symptoms.
This case emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnosis for effective treatment.
What are the take-home messages regarding personality disorders?
- Personality disorders are complex and often controversial.
- Differentiating PDs from other psychiatric disorders is crucial for appropriate treatment.
- Gender, trauma history, and diagnostic biases play significant roles in understanding PDs.
- Individuals diagnosed with PDs may experience stigma and misdiagnosis, impacting mental health treatment outcomes.
These messages underscore the importance of careful consideration in diagnosis and treatment planning.
What did Fok 2012 find?
Personality disorders regardless of Janet have a lower life expectancy then the general population at birth
What is the aetiology of PD?
7.8 of the population and there are a mixture of genetic factors and aces
Pilot shift included the serotonin and social attachment and abuse and psychological disorder
Explain the categorical model as well as strengths
It is classified with free personality from all eccentric to emotional impulsive
And then I can explain all the symptoms for each such as schizo dip being about unusual belief about others being dangerous whereas personality and paranoid is about people compared to BPD et cetera
Strengths include unity and easier to communicate with professionals
Can target treatment
What are some of the weaknesses of categorical models of personality disorders?
Heterogeneity
All diagnostic symptoms carry the same weight
If you don’t fit in, then it’s not counted
What is the dimension of personality disorders?
Alternative model presented in the DSM five which allowing degrees impairment
Who else likes the dimensional model?
Rdoc
What does the dimensional of personality disorders consider?
The five factor personality model
What are strengths of the models of personality disorders?
Great accuracy and precision
Eliminates the need for vague diagnoses such as NOS
What are weaknesses of the international model?
Too complicated for clinicians
There are many models that have been proposed to, which should be used
My own thought, what crosses the line into personality disorder
