Psychosis diagnosis Flashcards
What does Bryan Charnley’s self-portrait on 11 April symbolize?
Paranoia represented by the belief that someone is reading his mind
Large rabbit ears symbolize heightened sensitivity.
What emotional state does Bryan express on 6 May?
Feeling like a target for people’s cruel remarks
What does Bryan’s self-portrait on 18 May depict?
Depression and emotional gutting through ESP voices
What do the empty egg shells in Bryan’s self-portrait on 13 June symbolize?
Mental emptiness after stopping antidepressants
What are the two categories of psychosis according to the Kraepelinian view?
- Dementia Praecox (schizophrenia)
- Manic Depression (bipolar disorder)
Who coined the term ‘schizophrenia’ and in what year?
Eugene Bleuler in 1911
What are the 4 core symptoms identified by Bleuler?
- Autism: Withdrawal from reality
- Ambivalence: Conflicting emotions
- Loose Associations: Disorganized thoughts
- Blunted Affect: Emotional incongruity
What are Schneider’s First Rank Symptoms?
- Thoughts spoken aloud
- Thought insertion
- Running commentary voices
- Voices conversing in the third person
- Thought broadcasting
- Thought withdrawal
- ‘Made’ actions/feelings
- Delusional perception
What are the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia?
- Two or more symptoms (at least one from the first three):
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized speech
- Grossly disorganized/catatonic behavior
- Negative symptoms
- Duration: Symptoms persist for at least 6 months (1 month active phase)
- Exclusions: No substance use, mood disorders, or autism unless with hallucinations/delusions.
What is the ICD-10 requirement for diagnosing schizophrenia?
One or more of the following for 1 month: * Delusions * Hallucinations * Catatonia or thought disorder
Exclusions: Organic brain disease, mania, or depression.
What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized speech
- Thought disorder
What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
- Blunted affect
- Loss of initiative
- Poverty of speech
- Self-neglect
What is the incidence rate of schizophrenia among African-Caribbean individuals in South London?
9.1 times higher than British Whites
What is the approximate incidence of schizophrenia in Nottingham and Bristol?
~7 per 100,000
What risk factors are associated with schizophrenia?
- Ethnic minority status
- Childhood adversity
- Cannabis use by age 15 significantly increases risk
What was the finding of the Swedish Army Study regarding cannabis use?
Psychosis risk increases with cannabis use (OR = 3.1)
What did the UK 1946 Birth Cohort study link to schizophrenia in adulthood?
Early developmental delays (e.g., speech, motor skills)
What early indicators of schizophrenia were identified by Jones et al. (1994)?
Anxiety and odd ideas in adolescence
What were the findings of the AESOP Study regarding incidence rates?
- London: 20.1 per 100,000
- Nottingham: 7.7 per 100,000
- Bristol: 7.2 per 100,000
What factors were found to increase the risk of schizophrenia in the AESOP Study?
Migration and adverse life events
