Psychosis and schizophrenia Flashcards
What is psychosis?
Represents inability to distinguish between symptoms of delusion, hallucination and disordered thinking from reality
What is the clinical presentation of hallucinations?
Have full force and clarity of true perception
Not willed or controlled
Located in external space
Auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory, gustatory
What are delusional beliefs?
Unshakable idea or belief which is out of keeping with the person’s social or cultural background; it is help w extraordinary conviction
What are the types of delusions?
Grandiose
Paranoid
Hypochondriacal
Self referential
What conditions can have psychotic symptoms?
Schizophrenia
Delirium
Severe affective disorder- depression or mania
Diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia- At least 1 of the following, in the absence of organic or affective disorder
Auditory hallucination
Broadcasting of thoughts
Control of thoughts- insertion of withdrawal
Delusional beliefs
Diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia- at least 2 of the following
Persistent hallucinations in any modality, when occurring every day for at least a month
Neologisms, breaks or interpolations in the train of thought, resulting in incoherent pr irrelevant speech
Catatonic behaviours
Negative symptoms- marked apathy, paucity of speech, blunting or incongruity of emotional response
What is the differential for schizophrenia?
Delirium or acute organic brain syndrome
Affective psychoses
What are the types of schizophrenia?
Paranoid schizophrenia Hebephrenic schizophrenia Catatonic schizophrenia Undfferentiated schizophrenia Post-schizophrenic depression Residual schizophrenia Simple schizophrenia Other schizophrenia
What is the most common cause of psychosis?
Schizophrenia
What is the common age of onset of schizophrenia?
15-35
What are the signs and symptoms of schizophrenia?
Postive- hallucinations, delusions, disordered thinking
Negative- apathy, lack of interest, lack of emotion
What are the good prognostic factors for schizophrenia?
Absence of FH Good premorbid function Clear precipitant Acute onset Mood disturbance Prompt treatment Maintenance of initiative and motivation
What are the bad prognostic factors for schizophrenia?
Slow insidious onset
Childhood onset
What are the possible biological aetiological factors of schizophrenia?
Genetics and family history Neurochemistry Obstetric complications Maternal influenza Malnutrition Winter birth Substance misuse
