Anxiety disorders Flashcards
What are the 3 models of stress?
Biomechanical
Medicophysiological
Psychological
What is the biomechaical model of stress
Stimulus disturbs environment and puts stress and strain on person
What is the medicophysiological model os stress?
General and non specific reaction to demand occurs and produces fights flight response
If stressor persists, person will experience alarm reaction and physiological adaption followed by exhaustion
What is the psychological model of stress?
stress occurs when there is an imbalance between perceived stress and perceived ability to cope
What are the 2 methods of dealing with stress?
Problem focused- efforts are directed toward modifying stressor
Emotion focused- modify emotional reaction
What are the symptom groups of stress?
Psychological arousal Autonomic arousal Muscle tension Hypertension Sleep disturbance
What are the symptoms of psychological arousal?
Fearful anticipation Irritability Sensitivity to noise Poor concentration Worrything thoughts
What are the symptoms of autonomic arousal?
GI- dry mouth, dyspepsia, nausea, wind Tight chest Palpitations Abnormal periods Erectile failure Dizziness, sweating
What can happen with sleep when stressed?
Insomnia
Frequent waking
Nightmares and night terrors
What are phobic anxiety disorders?
Anxiety disorders that occur in certain circumstances e.g. agoraphobia, social ohobia
What are the predominant symptoms in phobic anxiety disorders?
Blushing
Tremor
What is the management of phobos anxiety disorders?
CBT
Education and advice
Medication- SSRI
What is generalised anxiety disorder?
Persistent symptoms not confined to situation or object
What is the differential for generalised anxiety disorder?
Depression Schizophrenia Dementia Substance abuse Thyrotoxicosis Phaechromocytoma Hypoglycaemia Asthma and/or arrhythmia
What is the management of generalised anxiety?
Counselling
Relaxation training
Medication- SSRIs, TCAs, sedatives generally avoided
CBT
What is OCD?
Recurrent obsessional thoughts and/or compulsive acts
What are obsessional thoughts?
Ideas, images or impulses
Occuring repeatedly but nt willed
Unpleasant and distressing
Anxiety like symptoms arise- due to nature of thoughts or attempts to resist
What are compulsive acts or rituals?
Stereotypical behaviours repeated again and again
No enjoyable or helpful
Often viewed as preventing self or someone else from harm, or pointless and are resisted but overcome by anxiety
What is the treatment of OCD?
Education
Medication- SSRI or TCA
CBT
Psychosurgery
What is PTSD?
Delayed and/or protracted reaction to stressor of exceptional severity
What is PTSD often a response to?
Combat
Natural or human caused disaster
Rape, assault, torture
Witnessing a distressing event
What are the 3 key elements to the PTSD reaction?
Hyperarousal
Re-experiencing phenomena
Avoidance of reminders
What are the hyperarousal symptoms in PTSD?
Persistent anxiety
Irritability
Insomnia
Poor concentration
What are the signs of avoidance of reminders in PTSD?
Emotional numbness
Cue avoidance
Recall difficulties
What are the vulnerability factors for PTSD?
Mood disorder
Previous trauma
Lack of social support
Female
What is the management PTSD?
Trauma focused CBT
Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing
Medication- SSRI or TCAs
What is the screening for PTSD?
Screen survivors of disaster at 1 month
If mild symptoms, watchful wait and review
