Psychosis Flashcards
Psychosis is a diagnosis, true or false
False
it is an umbrella term of symptoms rather than a diagnosis
what is psychosis
mental disorder in which the thoughts, affective response or ability to recognise reality are impaired
what are classical characteristics of psychosis
hallucinations, delusions, formal thought disorder, lack of insight
what are some organic causes of psychosis
dementia
delirium
TIA/stroke
what are some causes of substance misuse induced psychosis
intoxication
withdrawal
delirium tremens
define psychosis
inability to distinguish between subjective internal experience and objective external reality characterised by lack of insight
list psychotic experiences
Hallucinations Ideas of reference Delusions Formal thought disorder Thought interference Passivity phenomena Loss of insight
what is a hallucination
perception without an external stimulus
hallucinations have the same qualities as a normal perception, true or false
true
can hallucinations occur in any sensory modality
yes
hallucinations are significant only in the context of other relevant symptoms, true or false
true
what are ideas of reference
incidental events that have significant meaning by the person
“secret messages” to the person
examples of ideas of reference
newspaper, tv, radio, other people’s conversations
what are self referential experiences
belief that external events are related to oneself
what is a delusion
fixed falsely held belief held with unshakeable conviction despite evidence to the contrary
primary vs secondary delusion
primary = comes fully formed and explained secondary = to explain other stuff going on eg auditory hallucination
give examples of types of delusions
paranoia persecutory jealousy love nihilism guilt sin poverty health religion of reference grandiosity
what is a persecutory delusion
being spied on to be harmed
what is a grandiose delusion
overinflated sense of worth
delusion of guilt
claim to have committed sin
self critical
delusion of nihilism
belief that you are dead, organs have perished etc
what is an erotomanic/De Clerambault delusion
that someone famous is in love with you
what is a jealousy/Othello delusion
that you have an unfaithful partner
what makes a delusion abnormal/false
that they are culturally inappropriate to the individual
thought disorders can be directly observed, true or false
false
must be inferred from pattern of speech
what is a neologism
made up vocabulary that makes sense to the individual
what is circumstantiality
speech digressing from main topic but eventually return to the main topic
what is tangientiality
never get back to original question because they add a lot of irrelevant details
what is clanging and punning
change topic based on sounds or meaning of words
what is loosening of association
unrelated jumping of ideas
what is flight of ideas
rapidly shifting thoughts
what is knight’s move thinking
changing topics based on words from the previous sentence
what is verbigeration/word salad
random words thrown together in an unintelligible manner
examples of thought intereference
thought insertion, withdrawal, broadcasting and blocking
what is thought insertion
thoughts put into your head that dont belong to you
what is thought withdrawal
thoughts being taken out your head
what is thought broadcasting
everyone knows what you are thinking
what is thought blocking
halfway through thinking and thought dries up
examples of passivity phenomena
volition - made action
affect - made feeling
impulse - made urges
somatic passivity - influence on the body
self referential delusions are specific to a certain disorder, true or false
false, not specific to any diagnosis
describe drug induced psychosis
florid symptoms/acute onset or chronic onset
short lasting if drug removed
describe depressive psychosis
low mood
delusions of worthlessness, guilt, hypochondriasis, poverty, nihilism
threatening 2nd person auditory hallucinations
describe mania with psychosis
elevated mood/irritable
delusions of grandiose, persecution, special ability, religion
auditory hallucinations eg God’s voice
Flight of ideas
describe delirium as a cause of psychosis
acute transient disturbance - clouding of consciousness fluctuating, worse at night impaired cognition visual hallucinations persecutory delusions psychomotor disturbance irritability insomnia disorientation
causes of drug induced psychosis
steroids cannabis cocaine tobacco alcohol amphetamines
is heroin a cause of psychosis
NO
what is a functional hallucination
hallucination triggered by a stimulus in the same modality and can co-occur with it
what are the dopaminergic pathways in the brain
tuberoinfundibular
nigrostriatal/extrapyramidal
mesolimbic/cortical
what does the tuberoinfundibular pathway control
PRL release
what does the mesolimbic pathway control
motivation and reward system
what does the nigrostriatal pathway control
extrapyramidal system
