Learning disabilities Flashcards
define learning disability
affects overall IQ and every level of your life
difficulty in caring for yourself
define learning difficulty and is it a psychiatric disorder
specific problem eg dyslexia, dyspraxia, dyscalculia
NOT a psychiatric disorder
examples of developmental disorders
ASD
ADHD
what does PWLD stand for
people with learning disabilities
which terms are used in
ICD10/DSM5
legally
ICD10/DSM5 = mental retardation legally = mental handicap
PWLD are more likely to have which conditions
epilepsy hypothyroidism diabetes mellitus HF CKD stroke
what is a learning disability and its characteristics
condition of incomplete development of the mind characterised by impairment of skills which is manifested during the developmental period which contribute to the overall level of intelligence
what are the criteria for learning disabilities
IQ < 70 (3% of population)
deficits in adaptive functioning
developmental aetiology ie occurs <18 years old
what is the average IQ
100
what psychometric testing is used
WAIS - adults
WISC - children
WPPSI - preschool
what is the Flynn effect
per generation, average IQ increases by 10 points
how can you tell someone has a learning disability
dysmorphic features
info from carers
special schooling
behaviour and communication
IQ range of mild LD
50-69
IQ range of moderate LD
35-49
IQ range of severe LD
20-34
IQ range of profound LD
<20
IQ of borderline LD
70+
mental age in borderline LD
12-15
mental age in mild LD
9-12
mental age in moderate LD
6-9
mental age in severe LD
3-6
mental age in profound LD
<3
is borderline LD a category in ICD10
no
what is the most common LD
mild LD
what are some causes of LD
chromosomal antenatal birth postnatal infancy/childhood
chromosomal causes of LD
Down's ch21 Edward's ch18 Patau ch13 Cri du chat Angelman Prader Willi Velo-cardiofacial syndrome William's syndrome Turner's Trisomy X XYY male Fragile X tuberous sclerosis
prenatal causes of LD
rubella CMV medications - antiepileptics alcohol poor diet
perinatal causes of LD
hypoxia infection low glucose high bilirubin birth injury
postnatal causes of LD
CNS infections tumours hypoxic brain injury toxins hypothyroid CP ASD
what is more common in people with LD
psychiatric disorders
what neurological condition is commonly associated with LD
epilepsy
why might it be difficult to manage psychiatric disorders in those with LD
difficulty in diagnosis
treatment resistance and susceptibility to side effects
assessment of someone with LD
formulation 4P's full history full physical exam MSE support network
what are the management options for LD
therapeutic environment
psychoeducation
social
communication
what psychological treatment is available
CBT
psychodynamic therapy
what pharmacological treatments are offered
antipsychotics for psychosis, behavioural disturbance, autism, ADHD
antidepressants for depression, anxiety disorders, self injury, autism
anticonvulsants for BPAD, episodic dyscontrol
Schizophrenia is more/less common in LD
x3 more common
features of schizophrenia in LD
earlier age onset
negative symptoms more common
severe LD
depressive disorder is more/less common in LD
x3 more common
