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Psychiatry > Learning disabilities > Flashcards

Learning disabilities Flashcards

1
Q

define learning disability

A

affects overall IQ and every level of your life

difficulty in caring for yourself

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2
Q

define learning difficulty and is it a psychiatric disorder

A

specific problem eg dyslexia, dyspraxia, dyscalculia

NOT a psychiatric disorder

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3
Q

examples of developmental disorders

A

ASD

ADHD

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4
Q

what does PWLD stand for

A

people with learning disabilities

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5
Q

which terms are used in
ICD10/DSM5
legally

A 
ICD10/DSM5 = mental retardation 
legally = mental handicap
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6
Q

PWLD are more likely to have which conditions

A 
epilepsy
hypothyroidism 
diabetes mellitus 
HF
CKD
stroke
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7
Q

what is a learning disability and its characteristics

A

condition of incomplete development of the mind characterised by impairment of skills which is manifested during the developmental period which contribute to the overall level of intelligence

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8
Q

what are the criteria for learning disabilities

A

IQ < 70 (3% of population)
deficits in adaptive functioning
developmental aetiology ie occurs <18 years old

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9
Q

what is the average IQ

A

100

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10
Q

what psychometric testing is used

A

WAIS - adults
WISC - children
WPPSI - preschool

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11
Q

what is the Flynn effect

A

per generation, average IQ increases by 10 points

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12
Q

how can you tell someone has a learning disability

A

dysmorphic features
info from carers
special schooling
behaviour and communication

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13
Q

IQ range of mild LD

A

50-69

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14
Q

IQ range of moderate LD

A

35-49

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15
Q

IQ range of severe LD

A

20-34

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16
Q

IQ range of profound LD

A

<20

17
Q

IQ of borderline LD

A

70+

18
Q

mental age in borderline LD

A

12-15

19
Q

mental age in mild LD

A

9-12

20
Q

mental age in moderate LD

A

6-9

21
Q

mental age in severe LD

A

3-6

22
Q

mental age in profound LD

A

<3

23
Q

is borderline LD a category in ICD10

A

no

24
Q

what is the most common LD

A

mild LD

25
Q

what are some causes of LD

A 
chromosomal 
antenatal 
birth 
postnatal 
infancy/childhood
26
Q

chromosomal causes of LD

A 
Down's ch21
Edward's ch18
Patau ch13
Cri du chat 
Angelman 
Prader Willi
Velo-cardiofacial syndrome
William's syndrome
Turner's 
Trisomy X
XYY male
Fragile X
tuberous sclerosis
27
Q

prenatal causes of LD

A 
rubella
CMV
medications - antiepileptics
alcohol
poor diet
28
Q

perinatal causes of LD

A 
hypoxia
infection
low glucose
high bilirubin 
birth injury
29
Q

postnatal causes of LD

A 
CNS infections
tumours
hypoxic brain injury 
toxins 
hypothyroid
CP
ASD
30
Q

what is more common in people with LD

A

psychiatric disorders

31
Q

what neurological condition is commonly associated with LD

A

epilepsy

32
Q

why might it be difficult to manage psychiatric disorders in those with LD

A

difficulty in diagnosis

treatment resistance and susceptibility to side effects

33
Q

assessment of someone with LD

A 
formulation 4P's
full history 
full physical exam 
MSE
support network
34
Q

what are the management options for LD

A

therapeutic environment
psychoeducation
social
communication

35
Q

what psychological treatment is available

A

CBT

psychodynamic therapy

36
Q

what pharmacological treatments are offered

A

antipsychotics for psychosis, behavioural disturbance, autism, ADHD
antidepressants for depression, anxiety disorders, self injury, autism
anticonvulsants for BPAD, episodic dyscontrol

37
Q

Schizophrenia is more/less common in LD

A

x3 more common

38
Q

features of schizophrenia in LD

A

earlier age onset
negative symptoms more common
severe LD

39
Q

depressive disorder is more/less common in LD

A

x3 more common

Psychiatry (27 decks)

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