Adolescent mental health Flashcards
what is anxiety
mood state characterised by strong negative emotion and symptoms in which an individual apprehensively anticipates future danger or misfortune
what is one of the most common mental health disorders in adolescents
anxiety disorders
pathophysiology of anxiety
abnormal function of 5HT, dopamine, NA and GABA
overactive limbic system
what behavioural factors contribute to anxiety
classical conditioning
negative reinforcement
observational learning
depressive illness
persistent sadness, felling of hopelessness and mood changes including irritability or anger
which groups are vulnerable to depression
young offenders looked after children ethnic minorities disability homeless gangs unemployed
management of anxiety and depression
Parenting training and guidance
Talking therapy
Medication - last line
what kind of talking therapies are there
CBT IPT EMDR Solution focussed therapy CAT
propranolol is effective in kids, true or false
false
never give to children
what is the first line medication for anxiety disorders and depression
fluoxetine/sertraline - SSRIs
if there is poor response to at least 2 SSRIs, what should be done
augment with low dose antipsychotics
what are some things to be cautious of when prescribing medications in adolescents
suicidal thoughts vs actions increasing self harm agitation and hostility appetite changes hyponatraemia
what is self harm
act of deliberately causing harm to oneself either by physical injury or self neglect
why would somebody choose to self harm
to cope with intense emotions communicate distress re-connect with self "feel again" suicide intent life saving act
biologically, what is the mechanism of self harm
self harm promotes release of endorphins which brings temporary distress reduction
Therefore through negative reinforcement, these actions are repeated
