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Psychiatry > Neurobiology of addiction > Flashcards

Neurobiology of addiction Flashcards

1
Q

what prevents patients from coming forward and accessing high quality treatment

A

stigma

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2
Q

what is the moral model of addiction

A

criminalisation, hostile approach

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3
Q

what is the medical model of addiction

A

compassionate, better care and research

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4
Q

what is the ICD10 criteria for dependence

A 
strong desire to take the substance
difficulty controlling use 
physiological withdrawal state 
tolerance
neglect of alternative pleasures
persistent use despite evidence of harm
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5
Q

is there 1 specific criteria to dependence

A

no

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6
Q

list some addictive behaviours

A 
drugs 
alcohol 
gambling
gaming 
social media
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7
Q

what screening test is used for dependence

A

CAGE screening tool

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8
Q

what does CAGE stand for

A

Cut down - do you feel you should cut down
Annoyed - do people annoy you when criticising …
Guilty - have you ever felt guilty
Eye opener - do you use … first thing in the morning

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9
Q

what is incentive salience

A

attributing ‘want’ to a stimulus

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10
Q

what is the reward/motivational pathway

A

Ventral tegmental area VTA –>
Nucleus accumbens NA –>
Pre frontal cortex PFC

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11
Q

functions of dopaminergic activity in the mesolimbic pathway

A

motivating signal
incentivises behaviour
involved in normal pleasurable activities

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12
Q

drugs of abuse stimulate the mesolimbic pathway, true or false

A

true

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13
Q

what happens in behavioural addiction

A

develop tolerance to reward - ie need more to achieve satisfaction, need more DA to trigger same response
down regulation of dopamine receptors from overstimulation

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14
Q

molecular changes in the brain persist despite prolonged abstinence from substance use, true or false

A

true

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15
Q

due to repeated dopamine release, dopamine receptors down/up regulate

A

down regulate

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16
Q

what is positive reinforcement

A

initial stages of drug taking driven by reward

17
Q

what is negative reinforcement

A

drug becomes a thirst

18
Q

function of prefrontal cortex

A

helps intention guide behaviour
makes sound decisions
keeps emotions and impulses under control
essentially “puts a break on things”

19
Q

when is the pre frontal cortex fully developed

A

mid 20s

20
Q

which parts of the brain are important in memory and habits

A

amygdala, hippocampus and striatum

21
Q

function of orbitofrontal cortex

A

how important something is in the grand scheme of things

key creator of motivation to act

22
Q

there is too much/little dopamine in the brains of those who are dependent

A

too much

23
Q

which brain circuits are involved in drug abuse and addiction

A

inhibitory control
motivation drive
reward/salience
memory and learning

24
Q

in a normal non-addicted brain, PFC powerfully suppresses/stimulates OFC

A

PFC suppresses OFC

25
Q

PFC puts a brake on things, true or false

A

true

26
Q

OFC motivates you to act, true or false

A

true

27
Q

which parts of the brain are involved in inhibitory control

A

PFC + ACG

pre frontal cortex and anterior cingulate gyrus

28
Q

which parts of the brain are involved in motivation drive

A

OFC + SCC

orbitofrontal cortex and subcallosal cortex

29
Q

which parts of the brain are involved in reward

A

nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum

30
Q

which parts of the brain are involved in memory and learning

A

amygdala and hippocampus

31
Q

acute stress triggers release of dopamine resulting in increased/decreased motivation

A

increased

32
Q

chronic stress leads to increase/dampening of dopaminergic activity which increases/reduces sensitivity to normal rewards

A

dampening

reduces

33
Q

overstimulation of receptors leads to over/desensitisation

A

desensitisation

34
Q

PFC is vulnerable during development, true or false

A

true

35
Q

what is the most heritable complex psychiatric condition

A

dependence

Psychiatry (27 decks)

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