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Bio psych > Psychopharmacology > Flashcards

Psychopharmacology Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter?

A

GABA

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1
Q

What is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter?

A

Glutamate

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2
Q

What are antagonists?

A

Drugs that oppose or inhibit the effects of a NT on the postsynaptic cell.

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3
Q

What are agonists?

A

Drugs that facilitate the effects of a particular NT on the postsynaptic cell.

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4
Q

What are the agonistic effects that drugs can have on synaptic transmission? (6)

A
  1. Drug serves as precursor (creates more NT)
  2. Drug stimulates release of NT
  3. Drug blocks autoreceptors, inc synthesis / release if NT
  4. Drug stimulates postsynaptic receptors
  5. Drug blocks reuptake
  6. Drug inactivates acetylcholinesterase (post synaptic neuron)
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5
Q

What are antagonistic effects drugs can have?

A

Drug inactivates synthetic enzyme & inhibits synthesis of NT
Drug prevents storage of NT in vescicles
Drug stimulates autoreceptors, inhibits synthesis/release of NT
Drug inhibits release of NT
Drug blocks postsynaptic receptors

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6
Q

Where are neurotransmitters stored?

A

Vescicles

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7
Q

What are transporter molecules responsible for?

A

Reuptake of NT into terminal button

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8
Q

How do antagonist drugs work on transporter molecules?

A

Drug binds with molecule and blocks NT from entering

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9
Q

How do antagonistic drugs prevent release of NTs from terminal buttons?

A

Deactivate proteins that cause synaptic vesicles to fuse with presynaptic membrane

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10
Q

How do agonistic drugs increase release of NTs from terminal buttons?

A

Bind with proteins , triggering release of NTs

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11
Q

What is competitive binding?

A

Drug competes with neurotransmitter for binding site

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12
Q

What is non competitive binding

A

Binding of a drug on a receptor doesn’t interfere w primary binding

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13
Q

What is a direct agonist?

A

Drug that binds with and activates a receptor

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14
Q

What is a direct antagonist?

A

Binds with a receptor but doesn’t activate it (also known as receptor blocker)

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15
Q

How do antagonist drugs work on dendrites?

A

Activate dendrite autoreceptors, tf hyperpolarising the neuron and reducing its rate of firing.

16
Q

How is the postsynaptic potential terminated?

A

Reuptake of the NT or destruction by an enzyme

17
Q

How do drugs affect reuptake?

A

Attach to transporter molecules and block them from uptake

18
Q

How do drugs affect destruction of NT by enzymes?

A

Molecules of drug bind with enzyme and stop it working

19
Q

What is impact of NT transmitter molecules in synaptic cleft?

A

Stimulates autoreceptors

20
Q

Are the drugs that impact on NT reuptake or destruction agonist or antagonist?

A

Agonist

21
Q

What are the three catecholamines

A

Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine

22
Q

What is the Indolamine neurotransmitter?

A

Serotonin

23
Q

What is the ethylamine neurotransmitter?

A

Histamine

24
Q

What is acetylcholine?

A

Primary NT found in PNS

25
Q

What are the effects if acetylcholine in dorsolateral pons?

A

Facilitate REM sleep

26
Q

What are effects if acetylcholine in the basal forebrain?

A

Activating cerebral cortex and learning (esp perceptual)

27
Q

What are effects if acetylcholine in medial septum?

A

Electrical rhythms of hippocampus and formation of particular types if memories

28
Q

What are three systems (pathways) of dopaminergic neurons?

A 
Nigrostriatal system (movement)
Mesolimbic system (reinforcement)
Mesocortical system (formation of short term memories, planning, problem solving)
29
Q

Describe the Mesolimbic pathway for dopamine?

A

Neurons are located in ventral tegmental area and project axons to limbic system, incl nucleus accumbens which plays role in reinforcing effects if stimuli

30
Q

Where are most of the cell bodies of noradrenergic (norepinephrine) neurons found?

A

Pons and medulla, thalamus

31
Q

What does activation of noradrenergic (norepinephrine) neurons in locus coerulus (dorsal pons) do?

A

Increase in vigilance

32
Q

What does seratonin affect?

A

Regulation of mood, control of eat, sleep and arousal, response to pain

33
Q

What type of PSPs does dopamine produce?

A

Both excitatory and inhibitory, depends on type of receptor

34
Q

What are increased levels of dopamine in nucleus accumbens caused by?

A 
Drugs of abuse
Natural reinforces (eg food if choice)
35
Q

What do dopamine receptor blockers do?

A

Interfere with reinforcement (antagonist)

36
Q

What are two methods by which amphetamines increase norepinephrine?

A

Block reuptake

Stimulate release of catecholamines

37
Q

What does Prozac do?

A

Blocks reuptake of seratonin (SSRI - seratonin specific reuptake inhibitor)

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