Psychopathology

Question 1

Jahoda

Answer 1

Deviation from ideal mental health

• positive attitude towards oneself
• self actualisation (where you are the ebst you can be)
• autonomy (independence)
• resisting stress
• accurate perception of reality (see similar world to others)
• environmental mastery (adapt to new situations)

Question 2

Rosenhan and Seligman

Answer 2

Failure to function adequately

• personal distress
• maladaptive behaviour (stops individual from attaining life goal)
• unpredictability
• irrationality
• observer discomfort
• violation of moral qualities
• unconventionality

Question 3

Watson and Raynor

Answer 3

Little Albert - 11 months
Rat paired with noise
CS = Rat CR= Fear

Question 4

Beck Negative Triad

Answer 4

Negative views of world, future and oneself

• negative schemas - self-blame
• cognitive biases - magnification and minimalisation

Question 5

Ellis ABC model

Answer 5

A- activating event = something happens in your environment around you
B- beliefs = what has happened to you and your thoughts affects your behaviour
C-consequence = behaviour that is affected by your beliefs

Question 6

Koster et al

Answer 6

Found that people with depressions took longer to disengage from negative words on a screen, compared to positive words = so have automatic style of thinking negatively

Question 7

Grootheest

Answer 7

Genetic:
28 different twin studies 
Concordance rate 
Children = 45-65%
Adults 27-47%

Question 8

Hu

Answer 8

Neural:
Compared serotonin activity levels between suffers and non-sufferers of OCD. Found that serotonin levels were significantly lower in OCD sufferers

Question 9

Brosnan and Thorpe

Answer 9

Technophobia study
Showed an improvement in reduced anxiety of phobias
Most ppts that took part in the systematic desensitisation are now unafraid

Question 10

David et al

Answer 10

REBT the patients had better treatment outcomes than those treated with drugs
Cognitive therapy is better than drug therapy

Question 11

Butler and Beck

Answer 11

14 meta-analysis
Finding the effectiveness of Beck’s cognitive therapy
80% of adults benefitted from the therapy

Question 12

Pigott and Seay

Answer 12

Meta- analysis on effectiveness of SSRIs
Found consistently effective in treating symptoms of OCD

BUT some had serious side effects

Question 13

Ciccerone et al

Answer 13

Investigated how anti-psychotic drug could be used to treat OCD, finding the drug effective as lowered dopamine levels. So REFUTES idea of OCD is solely serotonin