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psychopathology Flashcards

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1
Q

social norms

A

a rule held by group of people regarding behaviour of others

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2
Q

what is deviation from social norms

A

behaviour that is unexpected/ unacceptable by group

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3
Q

what is statistical deviation

A

stastical deviation is abnormal from the typical statistical average/ mean and is more infrequent

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4
Q

statistical deviation strengths

A

identifies intellectual disability IQ

-forms clinical assessment for mental disorder

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5
Q

statistical deviation weakness

A

-abnormal doesn’t mean disorder

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6
Q

deviations from social norms weakness

A
  • cultural relativism (different from country to country)

- unethical labelling abnormaal

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7
Q

deviations from social norms strengths

A

-can be used in anti-social personality disorder

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8
Q

failure to function adequately

A

can’t cope on day to day basis/ ordinary demands of life

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9
Q

what is deviation from ideal mental health

A
  • criteria that individual must meet in order to have good mental health
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10
Q

failure to function adequately strengths

A

can identify when professional help needed
-treatment targeted
APPLICATION

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11
Q

failure to function adequately weakness

A

labelling abnormal for different life choices eg gap year

-discrimination ETHICS

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12
Q

deviation from ideal mental health strengths

A

-covers most reasoning behind why people seek help VALIDITY

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13
Q

deviation from ideal mental health weakness

A

-culture bound

self actualisation may have different interpretations

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14
Q

DSM

A

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder

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15
Q

what’s a specific phobia

A

phobia of object or situation

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16
Q

social anxiety NON SPECIFIC

A

phobia of social situations

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17
Q

agoraphobia NON SPECIFIC

A

fear of outside/ public space and worry no help if something goes wrong

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18
Q

behavioural characteristics of phobias

A
  • anxiety
  • panic
  • avoidance
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19
Q

emotional characteristics of phobias

A
  • unreasonable emotional response

- attention to stimulus

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20
Q

cognitive characteristics of phobias

A
  • irrational beliefs

- cognitive distortions

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21
Q

maintenance of phobia

A

operant conditioning

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22
Q

how phobia is learnt

A

classical conditioning

23
Q

little Albert study

A
  • shown rat- no fear neutral stimulus
  • iron bar struck when reached for rat (unconditioned stimulus- caused fear (unconditioned response)
  • association made between 2 leading to fear
  • conditioned stimulus (rat) -conditioned response (fear)
24
Q

strengths of behavioural explanation to phobias

A

-SUPPORTING EVIDENCE
-little Albert showed learning phobia through classical conditioning
increased reliability consistency shown

REAL LIFE APPLICATION
-can be used for guiding phobia therapy

25
Q

weaknesses of behavioural explanation to phobias

A
  • LACK VALIDITY
  • incomplete, doesn’t look into cognitive aspects of phobia eg. irrational beliefs
  • some phobias may be evolutionary caused
  • avoid things that caused danger in past
26
Q

what is systematic desensitisation

A

gradual process carried out over several sessions

-uses classical conditioning to counter-condition the learnt phobia

27
Q

what are the 3 steps in systematic desensitisation

A

anxiety hierarchy
relaxation
exposure

28
Q

what is flooding

A

intense process where clients are exposed to fear until can relax
-treats phobia very fast

29
Q

systematic desensitisation advantages

A
  • suit a range of people eg. disabilities that wouldn’t be able to understand cognitive theory or consent to flooding(generalisability)
  • less traumatic for patient which leads to less drop outs (ethical)
30
Q

flooding strengths

A

cost effective as is faster results (ethical)

effective for simple phobias (application)_

31
Q

flooding weaknesses

A

traumatic so clients may drop out (ethics)

not effective for complex phobias eg. social phobias(application)

32
Q

what does DSM stand for

A

diagnostic and statistical manual of disorders

33
Q

what is a behavioural feature

A

how people act/ behave

34
Q

what is a cognitive feature

A

how people think/ believe

35
Q

what is an emotional feature

A

how people feel/ their mood

36
Q

what is classical conditioning

A

-learning through association

37
Q

what is DSM used for

A

classifying symptoms for different mental disorders

38
Q

what is operant conditioning

A

learning through positive/ negative reinforcement

39
Q

what is the two way process model of phobias

A

learnt through classical and maintained through operant

40
Q

what is OCD

A

a disorder where people experience obsessions and compulsions

41
Q

what is an obsession

A

recurring intrusive thoughts

42
Q

what is a compulsion

A

behaviour a person feels they must carry out

43
Q

behavioural characteristics of OCD

A 
compulsive behaviour eg. repetition
reduced anxiety (after carry out behaviour)
44
Q

emotional characteristics of OCD

A

anxiety and distress
depression
guilt/ disgust (eg.over dirt)

45
Q

cognitive characterises of OCD

A 
obsessive thoughts
cognitive strategies(coping)
insight into excessive anxiety
46
Q

what is the biological explanation of OCD(genetic)

A

-genetic vulnerability in families
-candidate genes create vulnerability
diathesis stress model suggests that people with genetic vulnerability can be triggered by an event/ stress

47
Q

what is the biological explanation of OCD(neural)

A

neurotransmitters(chemical messengers)
dopamine levels are too high in people with OCD
Serotonin is used to mood regulate
too little serotonin can lead to low mood
THE WORRY CIRCUIT in brain can cause OCD

48
Q

what is behavioural approach to treating phobias

A
  • flooding

- systematic desensitisation

49
Q

what is behavioural explanation of phobias

A
  • learnt through classical

- maintained through operant

50
Q

the worry circuit explained

A
  • involves frontal cortex/ thalamus and basal ganglia
51
Q

biological explanation of OCD definition

A

a perspective that emphasises importance go physical processes in body eg. neural and genetic

52
Q

aetiologically heterogeneous

A

the origin of OCD has different causes

53
Q

polygenic OCD

A

several genes are involved (230)

Psychology Memory (9 decks)

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