attachment

Question 1

what is an internal working model?

Answer 1

mental representation of a persons relationship with primary caregiver (bowlby)

Question 2

hazard and Schaffer

Answer 2

• love quiz

- aim: to see if attachment type links to later adult relationships

Question 3

myron wilson and smith

Answer 3

• looked at association of attachment type and bullying using standardised questions for children

-insecure resistant = most likely to be bully
insecure avoidant= most likely to be bullied
secure= uninvolved

Question 4

kerns

Answer 4

looked at attachment type association with quality of peer relationships in childhood

secure= form best friendships
insecure= friendship difficulties

Question 5

McCartney

Answer 5

looked at attachment type association to adult relationship quality

-asked 40 women to establish attachment type as babies
-secure- had formed best relationships in adulthood
avoidant- intimacy problems
resistant- friendship difficulties

Question 6

what is definition of attachment?

Answer 6

2 way emotional bond between 2 people eg. mother and child

Question 7

what is reciprocity?

Answer 7

2 way interaction

• elict response onto one another
• take turns

Question 8

why is reciprocity important for later life?

Answer 8

the rhythm important for communication/ conversations

Question 9

what is interactional synchrony?

Answer 9

interactions have shared timing

-mirroring one another

Question 10

meltzoff and Moore

Answer 10

• observed interactional synchrony in babies
• adult displayed facial expressions and babies response was recorded for assessment.
• evidence for interaction synchrony as baby would copy adult

Question 11

Isabella et al

Answer 11

observed synchrony and quality of attachment in babies with mothers
observed 30 mothers

high synchrony found in mother and babies that had higher quality attachment

Question 12

advantages of observing babies in research

Answer 12

won’t respond to demand characteristics/ work out aims

Question 13

disadvantages of observing babies in research

Answer 13

• can’t consent

- difficult to distinguish important movements(could be completely random)

Question 14

Schaffer and Emerson

Answer 14

stages of attachment

Question 15

Schaffer and Emerson study

Answer 15

• observed 60 babies from Glasgow working class
• longlitudinal design (babies visited each month for year then at 18 months)
• asked mothers questions about separation/ stranger anxiety to work out babies attachment types
• identified 4 stages in development of attachment

Question 16

what are the 4 attachment stages?

Answer 16

asocial
indiscriminate
specific
multiple

Question 17

what is asocial attachment stage?

Answer 17

0-8 weeks
happier around others than alone
-smile at anyone
-likes familiar people

Question 18

what is indiscriminate attachment stage?

Answer 18

2-7 months

• prefer familiar people
• smile at more familiar than unfamiliar
• accept comfort from anyone

Question 19

what is specific attachment stage?

Answer 19

7-12 months

• primary attachment
• stranger/ seperation anxiety

Question 20

what is multiple attachment stage?

Answer 20

1 year+

secondary attachment formed with people that time regularly spent with eg. grandparents

Question 21

strengths of Schaffer and Emerson study

Answer 21

• REAL LIFE APPLICATION
• aid parent decision making on when to send to nursery to avoid anxiety/ problematic behaviour eg. specific
• HIGH EXTERNAL VALIDITY
• babies observed in own homes so shows a more natural/ realistic behaviours.

Question 22

limitations of Schaffer and Emerson study

Answer 22

• LOW GENERALISABILITY
• sample from Glasgow/ working class
• isnt representative of all parents/ babies
• low population validity
• LACK OF VALIDITY
• when answering questions mothers may have made themselves look good (social desirability) may give inaccurate answers