oct

Question 1

what is attachment

Answer 1

2 way emotional bond between 2 individuals

Question 2

reciprocity

Answer 2

2 way interaction

elict response onto one another

Question 3

interactional synchrony

Answer 3

mirroring one another

Question 4

Schaffer and Emerson

Answer 4

looked at stages of attachment

-studied 60 Glasgow babies working class
longitudinal study- everyday for year then after 18 month

interviewed mothers to understand attachment type (asked about stranger/separation anxiety)

80% specific attachment by 40 weeks
30% multiple attachments by 40 weeks

Question 5

Schaffer and Emerson strengths

Answer 5

• observed in own homes
• more natural/ true behaviour
• INCREASED EXTERNAL VALIDITY

REAL LIFE APPLICATION
can help parents when to send child to nursery
eg. difficult in specific state as increased stranger/ separation anxiety

-

Question 6

Schaffer and Emerson weaknesses

Answer 6

-social desirability
in interviews, mothers may answer in a way that perceives them as a good mother (social desirability)
decreases accuracy of answers
LOW VALIDITY

LOW GENERALISABILITY
sample all from similar backgrounds
not representative and has low population validity

Question 7

advantage of interactional synchrony

Answer 7

type of observational method used
used controlled and video analysis
helps avoid missed behaviours
babies can’t work out aims/ respond to demand character

Question 8

disadvantage of interactional synchrony

Answer 8

some behaviour recorded may not be significant
eg.small hand movements / expression change
may be random and not triggered
LOW INTERNAL VALIDITY

Question 9

the role of the father ; argument for primary attachment figure

Answer 9

FIELD- says that fathers can be primary attachment figure
showed more emotion when primary attainment figure

FROD I-found no differences in response of men to videos of babies crying

Question 10

the role of the father ; argument for having specific qualities

Answer 10

fathers seen as more playful
helps develop problem solving skill
GROSSMAN - found that quality of father play influenced later attachment

Question 11

influence of early attachment on later relationships ; strengths

Answer 11

concept of internal working model has real life application

can be used I couple counselling to help find root of problems and address accordingly( background knowledge) INCREASE APPLICATION

Question 12

influence of early attachment on later relationships ; weaknesses

Answer 12

problems with accuracy
-interviewing adults about childhood experience may lead to wrong answers/ distorted memory
DECREASE VALIDITY

association doesn’t mean causality
may be other more influencing factors on later relationships eg. environmental factors
no direct cause and effect on internal working model
LOW VALIDITY

Question 13

the effects of institutionalisation ;advantages

Answer 13

real life application
helps avoid disinhibited attachment by finding substitute caregiver (help avoid Bowlby’s negative effects eg. intellectual damage)
useful in nurseries
INCREASED APPLICATION