Psychology Unit 2 CHP.14,15,16 Flashcards
extra knowledge needed
Location of the gustatory cortex
The gustatory cortex is found on both the frontal and insular lobes.
Retinal Disparity
Retinal disparity is one of the many ways in which humans can perceive depth. Retinal disparity is at play in many situations, such as driving or avoiding stepping off of a cliff.
Constancy
the tendency for perceived objects to give rise to very similar perceptual experiences in spite of wide variations in the conditions of observation
Photoreceptors
Photoreceptors are the cells in the retina that respond to light.
Taste=Sensation, Flavour=Perception
Taste is the sensation produced when a substance in the mouth reacts chemically with taste receptor cells located on taste buds in the oral cavity, mostly on the tongue.
Perception of the flavour of foods is a complex process that involves the senses of smell and taste, and chemesthesis
Binocular Depth cue
binocular cues are information (or cues) taken in by two eyes (binocular), versus one eye (monocular).
Monocular Depth Cue
A monocular cue is a depth perception cue that can be perceived with only one eye.
Binocular Depth cues vs Monocular Depth cues
Binocular depth cues consist solely of stereopsis. This is the name given to the ability of the human brain to combine the slightly different images received from both eyes in order to perceive depth. Monocular depth cues include size constancy, relative size and superimposition and rely on information received solely from one eye.
Hypothesis
A hypothesis is an educated prediction that can be tested.
Independent Variable (IV)
The independent variable is the characteristic of a psychology experiment that is manipulated or changed.
Dependent Variable (DV)
The dependent variable is the variable that is being measured or tested in an experiment.
Extraneous Variables
These are all variables, which are not the independent variable, but could affect the results (e.g. dependent variable) of the experiment.
Sensation
Sensation refers to the process of sensing our environment through touch, taste, sight, sound, and smell.
Perception
Perception is the process of recognising and interpreting sensory stimuli.
Control groups
made of participants who do not receive the experimental treatment, randomly selected, usually resemble the experimental group.
experimental groups
the group of participants who are exposed to the independent variable. They are compared to the control group.
Participant selection (random)
when every single member of a population has an equal chance of being chosen as a subject.
Participant selection (convenience)
non-probability sampling technique where subjects are chosen because of their convenient accessibility and proximity to the researcher.
Participant selection (stratified)
researcher divides the population into separate groups, called strata. Then a probability sample (often a simple random sample ) is drawn from each group.
Participant selection (Sample)
process of choosing a representative group from the population their studying. The target population is the total group of individuals where the sample might be drawn. A sample is the group of people who take part in the investigation, aka “participants”.
Participant selection (population)
A population is a complete set of people with a specialised set of characteristics, The study population is the subset of the target population available for study.
Experimental Designs (matched participants)
when you have different participants in two different conditions, but you match them according to certain variables, such as age, personality, gender, IQ etc.
Experimental Designs (independent groups)
research method, multiple experimental groups are used and participants are only in one group. Each participant is only in one condition of the independent variable during the experiment
Experimental Designs (repeated measures)
involves multiple measures of the same variable, taken on the same or matched subjects either under different conditions or over two or more time periods.
