Psychology CHP.19

Question 1

What is helping behaviour?

Answer 1

• pro social behaviour
• usually voluntary + tend to benefit others
• can be altruistic ,automatic response, deliberate, occur over time
• includes bystander intervention, charity,trust

Question 2

Factors influencing helping behaviour

Answer 2

influenced by situation,social norms,personal characteristics of the helper, altruism,enverionmental setting and whether its an emergency or not.

Question 3

Explanations of pro social behavior

Answer 3

behaviour which benefits other people and society in general

Question 4

Bystander intervention and effect – define and explain

Answer 4

-Is where a bystander voluntarily helps someone else, likely to help in an emergency when alone then when there are other people.

Question 5

Decision stage model of helping

Answer 5

helpers go through five stages in deciding to help:

1. Noticing the need for help
2. Deciding that it is an emergency
3. Deciding to take responsibility
4. Deciding on a way to help
5. taking action to help

Question 6

Social norms

Answer 6

important influence on development & maintenance of pro social behaviour

Question 7

Personal characteristics of the helper

Answer 7

past experiences and immediate circumstances of the person influence pro social behaviour

Question 8

Kitty Genovese – be familiar with this case study

Answer 8

Catherine “Kitty” Genovese was a 28-year-old woman who was brutally murdered outside of her Queens apartment in New York City on March 13, 1964.Genovese’s attack lasted around 30 minutes as she was stabbed 14 times by a man named Winston Moseley.The event resulted in the research that led to “the Bystander Effect,” a term coined by psychologists Bibb Latané and John Darley. The Bystander Effect occurs when the greater the number of people who witness a person in need of emergency help, the less likely an observer will take action.

Question 9

Characteristics of non-helping behaviour

Answer 9

• opposite of helping/prosocial behaviour

- reluctance to help/anti social behaviour

Question 10

Latane and Darley studies - IV, DV, ethical issues

Answer 10

1970 - seizure experiment
IV:Altering group sizes
DV:time they requested help for the man
Ethical issues: deception
1968- questionare smoke study
IV: Altering group sizes
DV: Time they reported the smoke
ethical issues: no harm policy breached

Question 11

Why does the bystander effect occur?

Answer 11

• Diffusion of responsibility: others make bystander feel less responsible for helping.
  Audience inhibition-(fear people will judge them)presence of others make them self-concious
  -Nature of the bystander
  -Proximity of the victim

Question 12

Definition and explanation of different types of bullying

Answer 12

Ongoing and deliberate misuse of power through repeated verbal,physical and/or social behaviour.
Verbal bullying
Physical bullying
Social bullying
Cyberbullying

Question 13

alturism

Answer 13

unselfish concern for the welfare of others

Question 14

situation

Answer 14

whether a situation is an emergency or a non-emergency can influence the need to help

Question 15

social norms

Answer 15

expected standards of conduct, which influence behaviour

Question 16

reciprocity principle

Answer 16

the rule that one should pay back in kind what one receives from others

Question 17

social responsibility norm

Answer 17

an expectation that people will help those needing their help

Question 18

personal factors

Answer 18

Empathy, mood, competence, altruism

Question 19

cognitive processes

Answer 19

processes that involve changes in an individual’s thought, intelligence, and language

Question 20

psychological arousal

Answer 20

the state of being physiologically alert, awake, and attentive - feeling nervous or your heart racing when you see someone in need of help

Question 21

cost benefit analysis

Answer 21

a study that compares the costs and benefits to society of providing a public good or help

Question 22

competence

Answer 22

having enough skills to do something

Question 23

antisocial behaviour

Answer 23

Behaviour that causes harassment, distress or alarm to other people.