Psychology CHP.7

Question 1

malfunctioning brains

Answer 1

the cerebral cortex is responsible for biological, physiological and social functioning. Damage to part of this can affect any or all of these functions

Question 2

concussion

Answer 2

a person experiences loss of consciousness for a period of time, it may lead to memory loss. it may cause: retrograde amnesia, anterograde amnesia

Question 3

retrograde amnesia

Answer 3

forgetting events leading up to the trauma

Question 4

anterograde amnesia

Answer 4

inability to remember events that occur after the trauma

Question 5

for boxers

Answer 5

the on-going effect of severe hits to the brain can result in: poor memory, permanent slurred speech etc.

Question 6

the brain can

Answer 6

continue to develop and recover from serious injury as stem cells continue to make neurons

Question 7

the more cognitive tests undertaken

Answer 7

the more active and ‘plastic’ your brain stays

Question 8

broca’s aphasia

Answer 8

caused by damage to an area of the left frontal lobe (Broca’s area-responsible for speech)

Question 9

Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 9

caused by damage to the left temporal lobe. Results in difficulty understanding written and spoken language
-also in producing written and spoken language that makes sense

Question 10

aphasia

Answer 10

the impairment of language caused by damages to the brain. It can affect: reading, writing + understanding. BUT it does not affect intelligence

Question 11

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 11

is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects dopamine-producing neurons in a specific area of the brain.
-causes the loss of the production of dopamine

Question 12

spatial neglect

Answer 12

common syndrome following a stroke, usually the right side of the brain. When people fail to be aware of objects or people to their left. For example, shaving the right side of their face

Question 13

what is also known as expressive aphasia

Answer 13

broca’s aphasia (when a person has difficulty expressing)

Question 14

characteristics of Broca’s aphasia

Answer 14

• speech is non-fluent
• loss of recall of names (anomia)
• articulation difficulties
• speech lacks grammar (agrammatism)
• difficulty writing
• some have mild comprehension difficulties

Question 15

characteristics of Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 15

• speech is fluent
• loss of recall of names
• nonsense words are used
• difficulty understanding + producing, written + spoken language

Question 16

what is also known as receptive aphasia

Answer 16

Wernicke’s aphasia

Question 17

split-brain study

Answer 17

Sperry severed the corpus callosum in cats and monkeys to study the function of each side of the brain. He found that if hemispheres were not connected, they functioned independently of one another, which he called a split-brain. The split-brain enabled animals to memorize double the information. Later, Sperry tested the same idea in humans with their corpus callosum severed as treatment for epilepsy, a seizure disorder. He found that the hemispheres in human brains had different functions. The left hemisphere interpreted language but not the right

Question 18

Parkinson’s disease symptoms

Answer 18

• tremor or shaking
• slowness of movement
• stiffness in the arms and legs

Question 19

Treatment of Parkinson’s disease

Answer 19

stem cell treatment

• medication (L-DOPA) that increases dopamine levels
• -mice are given a toxin that then causes them to show symptoms of Parkinson’s then they are monitored with neuroimaging devices