Psychology CHP.7 Flashcards
malfunctioning brains
the cerebral cortex is responsible for biological, physiological and social functioning. Damage to part of this can affect any or all of these functions
concussion
a person experiences loss of consciousness for a period of time, it may lead to memory loss. it may cause: retrograde amnesia, anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
forgetting events leading up to the trauma
anterograde amnesia
inability to remember events that occur after the trauma
for boxers
the on-going effect of severe hits to the brain can result in: poor memory, permanent slurred speech etc.
the brain can
continue to develop and recover from serious injury as stem cells continue to make neurons
the more cognitive tests undertaken
the more active and ‘plastic’ your brain stays
broca’s aphasia
caused by damage to an area of the left frontal lobe (Broca’s area-responsible for speech)
Wernicke’s aphasia
caused by damage to the left temporal lobe. Results in difficulty understanding written and spoken language
-also in producing written and spoken language that makes sense
aphasia
the impairment of language caused by damages to the brain. It can affect: reading, writing + understanding. BUT it does not affect intelligence
Parkinson’s disease
is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects dopamine-producing neurons in a specific area of the brain.
-causes the loss of the production of dopamine
spatial neglect
common syndrome following a stroke, usually the right side of the brain. When people fail to be aware of objects or people to their left. For example, shaving the right side of their face
what is also known as expressive aphasia
broca’s aphasia (when a person has difficulty expressing)
characteristics of Broca’s aphasia
- speech is non-fluent
- loss of recall of names (anomia)
- articulation difficulties
- speech lacks grammar (agrammatism)
- difficulty writing
- some have mild comprehension difficulties
characteristics of Wernicke’s aphasia
- speech is fluent
- loss of recall of names
- nonsense words are used
- difficulty understanding + producing, written + spoken language
what is also known as receptive aphasia
Wernicke’s aphasia
split-brain study
Sperry severed the corpus callosum in cats and monkeys to study the function of each side of the brain. He found that if hemispheres were not connected, they functioned independently of one another, which he called a split-brain. The split-brain enabled animals to memorize double the information. Later, Sperry tested the same idea in humans with their corpus callosum severed as treatment for epilepsy, a seizure disorder. He found that the hemispheres in human brains had different functions. The left hemisphere interpreted language but not the right
Parkinson’s disease symptoms
- tremor or shaking
- slowness of movement
- stiffness in the arms and legs
Treatment of Parkinson’s disease
stem cell treatment
- medication (L-DOPA) that increases dopamine levels
- -mice are given a toxin that then causes them to show symptoms of Parkinson’s then they are monitored with neuroimaging devices
