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FlashCards > Psychology Unit 2, 6-7 > Flashcards

Psychology Unit 2, 6-7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the tri component model?

A

Affective - Your emotions or feeling towards something.
Behavioural - How you behave or act, the actions you do around that thing.
Cognitive - Your thoughts and beliefs about that thing.

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2
Q

Name the different attributions

A

Internal - Person attribution
External - Situational attribution
Fundamental attribution error

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3
Q

What is person perception including first impressions?

A

First impressions are formed based on physical appearances and non-verbal cues. We believe that appearance and behaviour reflect personal characteristics.

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4
Q

What is cognitive dissoance?

A

the psychological tension that occurs when our thoughts, feelings, and or behaviours do not align with one another

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5
Q

Name cognitive bias types

A
  • Confirmation bias
  • Actor observer bias
  • Self serving bias
  • False Consensus bias
  • Halo effect
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6
Q

What is confirmation bias?

A

to search for and accept information that supports our prior beliefs or behaviours and ignore contradictory information.

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7
Q

what is actor observer bias?

A

to attribute our own actions to external factors and situational causes while attributing other people’s actions to internal factors.

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8
Q

what is self serving bias?

A

to attribute positive success to our internal character and actions and attribute our failures to external factors or situational causes.

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9
Q

what is false consensus bias?

A

The tendency to overestimate the degree to which other people share the same ideas and attitudes as we do.

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10
Q

what is halo effect?

A

the impression we form about one quality of a person to influence our overall beliefs about the person.

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11
Q

what is heuristics?

A

information processing strategies or ‘mental shortcuts; that help individuals to form judgements, make decisions and solve problems quickly

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12
Q

what is base rate fallacy?

A

a negaitive influence of heuristics, choices influenced by memories, and experiences rather then statstical facts

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13
Q

what is anchoring heuristics?

A

involve forming judgements based on the first information received about an idea or concept.

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14
Q

what is avalability heuristic?

A

make a decision based on information that is easily accessible.

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15
Q

what is representative heuristic?

A

involve making a categorical judgement about an idea, event, or person based on their similarity to other items in that category.

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16
Q

what is affect heuristic?

A

involve using emotions to make a judgement

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17
Q

what is predjudice?

A

Prejudice is commonly defined as a negative preconception held against people within a certain group or social category.

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18
Q

Types of predjudice

A

old fashioned predjudice - members of the majority group openly reject minority group members.

modern predjudice - more subtle, hidden and expressed in ways more likely to be accepted within the majority group.

  • Ableism
  • Sexism
  • Racism
  • Homophobia
  • Transphobia
19
Q

what is discrimnation?

A

Discrimination refers to negative behaviour that is directed towards a social group and its members.

20
Q

types of discrimnation

A

Direct discrimnation - when someone is being treated unfairly because of a personal characteristic

Indirect discrimnation - A practice or rule applies to all people and unfairly disadvantages one group.

21
Q

what is stigma?

A

Stigma is a negative label associated with the disapproval or rejection by others who are not labelled in the same way.

22
Q

what are the two types of stigma?

A

social stigma - The disapproval or discrimination against an individual for group based on perceived characteristics that serve to distinguish them from other members of a society.

self stigma - The negative attitudes, including internalised shame, that people may have on themselves and their own condition.

23
Q

the influence predjudice, discrimnation, and stigma have on mental wellbeing

A

personal mental wellbeing - lower self esteem, substance abuse and mental health probloms

group mental wellbeing - social isolation, anxiety and stress

24
Q

how to reduce predjudice, discrimnation and stigma

A

Education - review any cognitive biases
Law Enforcement, and discrimantion awarness

25
Q

what defines a group?

A
  1. two or more people
  2. interacting with eachother
  3. common goal/purpose
26
Q

what is a ingroup and out group?

A

in group -

27
Q

what is social loafing?

A

a persons reduction in work and effort
in a group due to the belief that others will put in the effort more insted.

28
Q

what is social identity theory?

A

the tendency for people
to favour their in-group
over an out-group to boost self esteem.

29
Q

what is individualist and collectvist culture?

A

individualist - a culture that prioritises the needs and goals of individuals and values
Independence

collectvist - A culture that prioritises the needs and goals of groups

30
Q

what is conformity?

A

the alignment of one’s thoughts, feelings, or behaviors to match those of others or societys expectations.

31
Q

factors that increase conformity

A

social norms, groupthink, groupshift, and deindividualtion

32
Q

what is obdience?

A

listening to commands which are
given by authority figure

33
Q

factors that effect obdience

A

status of authority figure, proxomity, and group pressure

34
Q

explain miligrams experiement

A

to investigate whether people would obey authority figures demands to hurt other people.

35
Q

explain aschs experiemt

A

to investigate whether people would conform to majorty group

36
Q

what are the different media sources?

A

print media and digital media

37
Q

what is social comparison

A

humans that measure their self-worth
in relation to the people
around them

38
Q

what is social connections?

A

the network of people available to someone for
support and engagement

39
Q

what is independance?

A

being free from the
control or influence of others

40
Q

self determination theory

A

the concept that people achieve self-determination when three psychological needs are met autonomy, competence, and relatedness

41
Q

explain autonomy

A

need to be able to
act authentically, based on individual choice

42
Q

explain competence

A

have the skills required to carry out behaviours

43
Q

explain relatedness

A

need to feel a
sense of attachment, connection to, and belonging with other people

44
Q

what is anti-conformity

A

refusal to
comply with social norms or standards for thoughts, feelings, or behaviours

FlashCards (13 decks)

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