Psychology Unit 2, 6-7 Flashcards
What is the tri component model?
Affective - Your emotions or feeling towards something.
Behavioural - How you behave or act, the actions you do around that thing.
Cognitive - Your thoughts and beliefs about that thing.
Name the different attributions
Internal - Person attribution
External - Situational attribution
Fundamental attribution error
What is person perception including first impressions?
First impressions are formed based on physical appearances and non-verbal cues. We believe that appearance and behaviour reflect personal characteristics.
What is cognitive dissoance?
the psychological tension that occurs when our thoughts, feelings, and or behaviours do not align with one another
Name cognitive bias types
- Confirmation bias
- Actor observer bias
- Self serving bias
- False Consensus bias
- Halo effect
What is confirmation bias?
to search for and accept information that supports our prior beliefs or behaviours and ignore contradictory information.
what is actor observer bias?
to attribute our own actions to external factors and situational causes while attributing other people’s actions to internal factors.
what is self serving bias?
to attribute positive success to our internal character and actions and attribute our failures to external factors or situational causes.
what is false consensus bias?
The tendency to overestimate the degree to which other people share the same ideas and attitudes as we do.
what is halo effect?
the impression we form about one quality of a person to influence our overall beliefs about the person.
what is heuristics?
information processing strategies or ‘mental shortcuts; that help individuals to form judgements, make decisions and solve problems quickly
what is base rate fallacy?
a negaitive influence of heuristics, choices influenced by memories, and experiences rather then statstical facts
what is anchoring heuristics?
involve forming judgements based on the first information received about an idea or concept.
what is avalability heuristic?
make a decision based on information that is easily accessible.
what is representative heuristic?
involve making a categorical judgement about an idea, event, or person based on their similarity to other items in that category.
what is affect heuristic?
involve using emotions to make a judgement
what is predjudice?
Prejudice is commonly defined as a negative preconception held against people within a certain group or social category.
Types of predjudice
old fashioned predjudice - members of the majority group openly reject minority group members.
modern predjudice - more subtle, hidden and expressed in ways more likely to be accepted within the majority group.
- Ableism
- Sexism
- Racism
- Homophobia
- Transphobia
what is discrimnation?
Discrimination refers to negative behaviour that is directed towards a social group and its members.
types of discrimnation
Direct discrimnation - when someone is being treated unfairly because of a personal characteristic
Indirect discrimnation - A practice or rule applies to all people and unfairly disadvantages one group.
what is stigma?
Stigma is a negative label associated with the disapproval or rejection by others who are not labelled in the same way.
what are the two types of stigma?
social stigma - The disapproval or discrimination against an individual for group based on perceived characteristics that serve to distinguish them from other members of a society.
self stigma - The negative attitudes, including internalised shame, that people may have on themselves and their own condition.
the influence predjudice, discrimnation, and stigma have on mental wellbeing
personal mental wellbeing - lower self esteem, substance abuse and mental health probloms
group mental wellbeing - social isolation, anxiety and stress
how to reduce predjudice, discrimnation and stigma
Education - review any cognitive biases
Law Enforcement, and discrimantion awarness
