Psychology Chp 2-3 Flashcards
What is psychological developement?
A change in functioning across emotional,
cognitive and social domains
what is the nature vs nurture?
whether genetics (nature) plays a bigger role in determining a person’s characteristics than lived experience and environmental factors (nurture)
what is the biopsychsocial model?
The biopsychosocial model is a holistic framework for understanding the human experience in terms of biological, psychological, and social factors.
Name 3 biological factors
- Sleep
- Hormones genetics
- Medicine
Name 3 psychological factors
- Thoughts
- Emotions
- Attitudes/Beliefs
What is mental wellbeing?
a persons current psychological state, involving their ability to think, process information, and
regulate emotions.
Name the developmental periods across lifespan
- Infancy = 0-1
- Toddler = 1-3
- Childhood = 3-12
- Adolesnce = 12-19
- Young adulthood = 19-35
- Middle adulthood = 35-65
- Old adulthood = 65+
What is the secure vs insecure attachment theory
Secure - the needs of an infant being met constantly met by their primary caregivers allowing the infant to feel clamed
Insecure - Primary caregivers not meeting the infants needs and ignoring them.
name piagets theory
Cognitive development
1. Sensorimoter = 0-2 - you develop object permance, and have goal directed behaviour.
- Preoperational = 2-7 - very egocentric, overcome centration, and understand reversbility
- Concrete = 7-12 - understand conversations, understand classification, and preform mental operations like maths.
- Formal = 12+ - produce abstract thought and being able to use logic/reason.
name eriksons theory
Infant = Trust VS Mistrust
Toddler = Autonomy VS Shame/Doubt
Pre-Schooler = Intative VS Guilt
Primary-Schooler = Industry VS Inferiority
Adolescent = Identity VS Role Confusion
Young Adult = Intimacy VS Isolation
Middle Age = Generavity VS Stagnation
Older Age = Integrity VS Despair
what is maturation
process of growth that
has a fixed sequence and clear the way for all
aspects of our development as we
grow.
what is plasticity
the brain’s ability to physically change in
response to experience and
learning.
what are criticial and sensitive periods?
Critical periods are the narrow, rigid periods in which a specific skill must be learnt, while
Sensitive Periods are when a specific function or skill can be learnt in the fastest and easiest way.
what is typical and atypical behaviour?
typical behaviour is something an individual does and considred normal for them,
atypical behaviour is something unusual or not normal for someone to do.
name all the psychological critera
- Social Norms
- Cultrual perspective
- Personal distress
- Maladaptive behaviour
- Statstical rarity
what is normality and abnormality
normality is having thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that are considered common and acceptable
abnormality deviating from the norm, usually in a way that is undesirable
What are the approaches to normality and abnormality?
- Socio - Cultrural
- Functional approach
- Historical approach
- Medical approach
- Statstical approach
- Situaonal approach
What is neurotypicality?
describe individuals who display neurological and
cognitive functioning that is typical or expected
what is neurodiversity
variations in neurological development and
functioning within and between groups of people,
such as those experienced by people with autism
Difference between adaptive and maladaptive
adaptive - being able to
adjust to the environment
appropriately and function
effectively
maladpative - being unable
to adapt to the environment
appropriately and function
effectively
what is neurodivergent?
individuals who
have a variation in neurological
development and functioning
explain autisim and it strengs/limitations
developmental disorder that impairs the ability to communicate and interact.
strengths - good attention to detail
limitation - unable to keep or make eye contact
explain ADHD and its strengths/limitations
persistent inattention or hyperactivity that disrupts social, academic, or occupational functioning
strenghth - creative
limitation - time managment
explain dyslexia and its strenght/limitation
severe challenges in reading, spelling, writing words, and sometimes in arithmetic
strenghth - strong memory
limitation - slower learning
