Psychology Notes Test 4 Flashcards
Stereotyped Leader
Upright, straight, military bearing
Stereotyped Scholar
Stooped or poor posture
Relative Rating Scale
Everyone is rated according to the other people being rated
Absolute Rating Scale
Everyone is assigned scores independent of everyone else
Interview Errors
Halo Effect (based on traits or personality) Stereotypes Faulty Memory
Item Analytic Approach
Determines which items are answered differently by most members of 2 groups
Helps weigh items in scoring
Minnesota Multi-phasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
567 statements over 14 areas
True/False for themselves (physical, moral, and social)
Summarized on scale (Question, Lie Score, F Score, K Score)
F Score
Validity is general use
K Score
Measure of taking attitude in ten scales
MMPI Scoring
> 70 or
Philosophical Approach
Nature of mankind is revealed by his history, literature, and other cultural factors
OSS Construction Test
Calm/resourceful under stress
Complete construction project with one person sabotaging the project
Leadership Group Discussion
4-5 or 4-12 people
Unstructured with no rules
Test to see who assumes leadership
Science Research Associates (SRAs)
300 items
Revised for grades 7-12 in 1956
How seriously they feel about a problem
Bell Adjustment Inventory
Adult and college/high school
Home, health, social
Adult adds vocational adjustment
Mooney Problem Checklist
Mooney and Gordon
140 yes/no items
Not used a lot
Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey
300 items using 10 of 13 traits
Yes/no questions
3 scoring methods used
Normal people, not for clinical/counseling means
Allport Study of Values
1960
Measures relative importance of 6 basic motives
Religious, theoretical, aesthetic, social, political, and economic
Phrenology
Belief that personality consists of facilities in the brain and evidenced by bumps on the skull
Physiognomy
Judging a person’s personality by facial characteristics
Graphology
The study of a person’s handwriting
Faulty Memory
The inability to recall accurately on the part of the interviewee can cause a serious weakness in the interview
Unstructured
Interviewer is free to develop the conversation with no set plan
Desirable in clinical situations
Structured
Interview follows a predetermined plan of questioning
Thorough training can reduce error in judging personality
Projective Device
Tap into deepest levels of fear and needs
No right or wrong answers
Rorschach Inkblot
Responses are usually scored in five general categories (location, determinates, content, popularity, and form level)
Evaluation
Requires two or three operations:
Performance proper
Inquirty
Testing the limits (only used if not enough detail for 1 and 2)
Thematic Apperception Test
Morgan and Murray in 1935
Composed of three series of 10 pictures
Studies show that persons who tend to be sad tell TAT stories differently than others
Make a Picture Story Test
Used for adults and kids
Presents subjects with a tiny stage and characters and asked to depict a story
Kahn Test of Symbol Arrangement
Projection of personal needs into culturally structured symbols
Centile Scores
Points which divide a distribution of measurement into 100 equal parts
Introverts are usually…
Schizophrenics
Extroverts are usually…
Manic-Depressive
Superego
Storehouse of morals and standards
Freud called the Ego…
“Self”
Carl Young
Used introvert and extrovert
Tests designed for adults and verbal in nature
Said introverts tend to be depressed
Kretschmer
Physique-character description
Pyknic, Athletic, and Asthenic
Pyknic
Chubby and extroverted
Athletic
Agressive and energetic
Asthenic/Leptosome
Thin and introverted
Sheldon Somatotype Theory
Physique-temperament description
Endomorphy, Mesomorphy, and Ectomorphy
Endomorphy
Heavyset
Viscerotonia
Like to eat
Mesomorphy
Muscular
Somatotonia
Outgoing
Ectomorphy
Thin
Cerebrotonia
Shy
2 Months
Baby differentiates between humans and nonhumans
3-4 Months
Child differentiates between a scowl and smile
1 Year
Child imitates the things they see
Ego
Self-awareness, meets demands
Superego
Morals and values
Id
Unconscious primitive urges
Libido
Sexual force
Robert Hare
Studied psychopaths and classified their behavior
Conduct Disorder
Childish, mean, no remorse
Psychopath
At least 18 years old, risk takers
Serial Killers
Start fires, wet the bed, kill animals
Cleckley
Said psychopaths have no guilt, no conscience, no remorse
Impulsive, self-centered, can’t postpone gratification
