Psychology: Module 1 Vocabulary Flashcards
The view that all knowledge originates from experience and that science should therefore originate from observation and experimentation
Empiricism
Early school of thought promoted by Wundt and tichner; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind
Structuralism
Early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable the organism to adapt, survive and flourish
Functionalism
The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method
Experimental psychology
The view of psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studied behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists agree with (1) but not with (2)
Behaviorism
A historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth and potential of healthy people
Humanistic psychology
The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)
Cognitive neuroscience
The science of behavior and mental processes
Psychology
The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture
Nature-nurture issue
The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passes on to succeeding generations
Natural selection
The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomena
Levels of analysis
An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis
Biopsychosocial approach
The scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning
Behavioral psychology
The scientific study of the links between biological (genes, neural, hormonal) and psychological processes
Biological psychology
The scientific study of all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating
Cognitive psychology
The study of the evolution of behavior and mind, using principles of natural selection
Evolutionary psychology
A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders
Psychodynamic psychology
The study of how situations and cultural science affect our behavior and thinking
Socio-cultural psychology
The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits
Psychometrics
Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
Basic research
A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social changes throughout the life span
Developmental psychology
The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning
Educational psychology
The study of an individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
Personality psychology
The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Social psychology
Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
Applied research
The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
Industrial-organizational psychology
An I/O psychology subfield that explores how people and machine interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe an easy to use
Human factors psychology
A branch of psychology that assist people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well being
Counseling psychology
A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
Clinical psychology
A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders, practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (ex: drugs) treatments as well as psychological therapy
Psychiatry
The scientific study of human functioning with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive
Positive psychology
A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups
Community psychology
Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading information (also sometimes referred to as a retrieval practice affect of test-enhanced learning)
Testing effect
A study method incorporating five steps: survey, question, read, retrieve, review
SQ3R
