Module 25 Vocabulary Flashcards
: continued substance caring and use despite significant Life disruption and/or physical risk
Substance use disorder
: a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods
Psychoactive drug
: the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of aa drug, requiring the user to take lager doses before experiencing the drug’s effect
Tolerance
: compulsive craving of drugs or certain behaviors (ugh as gambling) despite known adverse consequences
Addiction
: the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior
Withdrawal
: drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce natural activity and slow body functions
Depressants
: (popularly known as alcoholism) alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a desire to continue problematic use.
Alcohol use disorder
: drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing judgement and memory
Barbiturates
: opium and its derivatives such as morphine and heroine; they depress neural activity temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
Opiates
: drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy, and methamphetamine) that excite neural activity and speed up the body functions
Stimulants
: drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes
Amphetamines
: A stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco
Nicotine
: a powerful and addictive stimulate, derived from the coca plant, producing temporarily increased alertness and ephoria
Cocaine
: a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels
Methamphetamine
: a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short term health risks and long term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition
Ecstasy (MDMA)
: psychedelic (“mind-manifesting”) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
Hallucinogens
: a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid
LSD
: an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as cardiac arrest) often similar to drug induced hallucinations
Near death experience
: the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mind hallucinations
THC
Dreams provide a “psychic safety valve”- expressing otherwise unacceptable feelings; contain manifest (remembered) content and a. Deeper layer of latent content- a hidden meaning
Criticisms:
Lacks scientific support; dreams may be interpreted in many different ways
Freud’s wish-fulfillment
Dreams help us sort out the days evente and consolidate our memories
Criticisms:
By why do we sometime dream about things we have not yet experienced?
Information-processing
Regular brain stimulation from R.E.M. Sleep may help develop and preserve neural pathways
Criticisms:
This does not explain why we experience meaningful dreams
Physiological function
R.E.M. sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories which our sleeping brain weaves into stories
Criticisms:
The individuals brain is weaving the stories, which still tells us something about the dreamer
Neural activation
Dream content reflects dreamers cognitive development- their knowledge and understanding
Criticisms:
Does not address the neuroscience of dreams
Cognitive development
Depressant
Effects: Initial high followed by relaxation and disinhibition
Depression, memory loss, organ damage, impaired reactions
Alcohol
Depressant
Effects: rush of euphoria, relief from pain, depresses physiology, agonizing withdrawal
Heroin
Stimulant
Effects: increased alertness and wakefulness, anxiety, restlessness, and insomnia in high doses, uncomfortable withdrawal
Caffeine
Stimulant
Effects: Euphoria, alertness, energy, irritability, insomnia, hypertension, seizures
Meth
Stimulant
Effects: rush of euphoria, confidence, energy, cardiovascular stress, suspiciousness, depressive crash
Cocaine
Stimulant
Effects: arousal and relaxation, sense of well-being, heart disease, cancer
Nicotine
Stimulant, mild hallucinogen
Effects: emotional elevation, disinhibition, dehydration, overheating, depressed mood, impaired cognitive and immune functioning
Ecstasy (MDMA).
Mild hallucinogen
Effects: enhanced sensation, relief of pain, distortion of time, relaxation, impaired learning and memory, increased risk of psychological disorders, lung damage from smoke
Marijuana
