PSYCHOLOGY - INDIVIDUALS Flashcards
TRAIT THEORY
people are born with established personality characteristics
TRAIT
a single characteristic of personality that is believed to be a natural force or instinct causing an individual to behave in a predicted way
AGRESSION
an action intended to bring about harm or injury - aggressive behaviour is undesirable and dysfunctional in the context of sport
AROUSAL
a physical and mental state of preparedness
PERSONALITY PROFIE
an overall assessment of an individual’s personality
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
all behaviour is learned from environmental experience
VICARIOUS
learning by watching the performance of another person
INTERACTIONALIST THEORY
behaviour occurs from the influence of inherited traits and learned experiences
ATTITUDE
a learned behavioural predisposition
ATTITUDE OBJECT
the people, subject or situation towards which an attitude is directed
PREJUDICE
a predetermined view or opinion which may be unfairly biased
SOCIALISATION
interation with others that may modify behavior
DISSONANCE
an emotional conflict
COMETITIVENESS
the degree to which a person has the motivation to approach and achieve success in sport
INCENTIVE VALUE
relates to the degree of pleasure experienced when success is achieved
APPROACH BEHAVIOUR
describes behaviour that accepts a challenge
AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOUR
describes behaviour that rejects a challenge
ATTRIBUTION
the process that predicts reasons for success or failure
MASTERY ORIENTATION
the strong motive to succeed found in the high achiever
LEARNED HELPLESSNESS
the belief that failure is inevitable and that the individual has no control over the factors that control failure
ATTRIBUTION
attribution theory identifies the reasons (attributions) given by performers to explain success and failure
LOCUS OF CAUSALITY
identifies the perceived cause of success or failure i.e. external or internal
ATTRIBUTION BIAS
or self-serving bias, refers to the performers belief that the separate attributions given for success and failure never change
HOSTILE AGRESSION
(aggression) deliberate intention to harm or injure another person, breaking the rules of the game
CHANNELLED AGRESSION
(assertion) robust play which is directed towards completing the skill successfully not primarily inflicting injury
ANTECEDENT
prior event which can lead to aggression (causes)
DISPLACED AGGRESSION
to change the direction of aggression
NURTURE
a learned pattern of behaviour acquired through reinforcement, imitation of the behaviour of others and general environmental influences
COGNITIVE
relating to mental or psychological processes
SOMATIC
realting to physical processes
