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A2 PE > BIOMECHANICS 3 > Flashcards

BIOMECHANICS 3 Flashcards

1
Q

MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE

A

second class systems where effort arm greater than load arm - allows a lever system to move a large load with relatively small effort

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2
Q

MECHANICAL DISADVANTAGE

A

third class systems where load arm greater than effort arm - means effort would need to be considerably bigger than load in order to move the load

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3
Q

MOMENT OF FORCE / TORQUE

A

the effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis - size of the force x perpendicular distance of force from fulcrum (Nm)

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4
Q

AXIS OF ROTATION

A

an imaginary line or point about which the body, or part of the body rotates

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5
Q

PRINCIPLE AXIS OF ROTATION

A

an axis of rotation that is directed through the bodies centre of mass, the body has 3 principle axis of rotation - transverse, longitudinal and frontal

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6
Q

RADIAN

A

unit of measurement for angular distance and angular displacement (rad)

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7
Q

ANGULAR DISTANCE

A

the angle through which a body has rated about an axis in moving from the first position to the second (rads)

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8
Q

ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT

A

the shortest change in angular position, smallest angle through which the body has rates about an axis in moving from the first position to the second (rads)

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9
Q

ANGULAR SPEED

A

angular distance travelled in a certain time (rads/s)

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10
Q

ANGULAR VELOCITY

A

angular displacement travelled in certain time (rads/s)

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11
Q

ANGULAR ACCELERATION

A

rate of change of angular velocity (rad/s²)

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12
Q

ANGULAR MOMENTUM

A

quantity of angular motion possessed by a rotating body - moment of inertia x angular velocity (kgm²/s)

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13
Q

MOMENT OF INERTIA

A

the resistance of a rotating body to change its state of angular motion

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14
Q

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM

A

a rotating body continues to turn about its axis of rotation with constant angular momentum unless acted upon by an external torque. it is the angular analogue of newtons 1st law of motion

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15
Q

LEVER SYSTEM

A

a rigid structure, hinged at one point (fulcrum) and to which two forces (load & effort) are applied at two other points

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16
Q

FULCRUM

A

the fixed point of rotation about which the lever moves -in the human body this is the joint

17
Q

LOAD

A

the resistance or weight to be moves - in the human body this is the weight of the body part being moved

18
Q

EFFORT

A

the force being applied that causes the lever to move - int he human body this is the agonist muscle

19
Q

LOAD ARM

A

the perpendicular distance of the load from the fulcrum

20
Q

EFFORT ARM

A

the perpendicular distance of the effort from the fulcrum

A2 PE (8 decks)

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