Psychology & Counseling - Glossary

Question 1

the individual’s ability to adjust to the psychological and emotional changes brought on by a stressful event such as the death of a significant other

Answer 1

adaptation

Question 2

external expression of emotion

Answer 2

affect

Question 3

those appropriate and helpful acts of counseling that come after the funeral

Answer 3

aftercare / post-funeral counseling

Question 4

the intentional infliction of physical or psychological harm on another

Answer 4

aggression

Question 5

the state of estrangement an individual feels in social settings that are viewed as foreign, unpredictable, or unacceptable

Answer 5

alienation

Question 6

providing a choice of services and merchandise available as families make a selection and complete funeral arrangements, formulating different actions in adjusting to a crisis

Answer 6

alternatives

Question 7

blame directed towards another person

Answer 7

anger

Question 8

grief where mourning customs are unclear due to an inappropriate death and the absence of prior bereavement experience

Answer 8

anomic grief

Question 9

grief in anticipation of death or loss

Answer 9

anticipatory grief

Question 10

an emotion characterized by a vague fear or premonition that something undesirable is going to happen

Answer 10

anxiety

Question 11

funeral director counseling with the family from the time the death occurs until the final disposition

Answer 11

at-need counseling

Question 12

the tendency to make strong affectional bonds with others coming from the needs for security and safety

Answer 12

attachment

Question 13

giving undivided attention by means of verbal and non-verbal behavior (e.g., listening)

Answer 13

attending

Question 14

a learned tendency to respond to people, object, or institutions in positive or negative way

Answer 14

attitude

Question 15

the act or event of separation or loss that results in the experience of grief

Answer 15

bereavement

Question 16

excessive in duration and never coming to a satisfactory conclusion

Answer 16

chronic grief

Question 17

a non-directive method of counseling which stresses the inherent worth of the client and the natural capacity for growth and health

Answer 17

client-centered counseling / person-centered counseling

Question 18

from the Latin, “to know;” the study of the origins and consequences of thoughts, memories, beliefs, perceptions, explanations, and other mental processes

Answer 18

cognitive psychology

Question 19

a general term for the exchange of information, feelings, thoughts, and acts between two or more people, including both verbal and non-verbal aspects of this interchange

Answer 19

communication

Question 20

grief that interferes with normal life functions without progressing towards resolution

Answer 20

complicated / abnormal / unresolved grief

Question 21

the necessary quality of a counselor being in touch with reality and other’s perception of oneself

Answer 21

congruence

Question 22

characteristic ways of responding to stress

Answer 22

coping

Question 23

the individual seeking assistance or guidance

Answer 23

counselee

Question 24

advice, especially that given as a result of consultation; a therapeutic experience for reasonably healthy person; the client is encouraged to seek assistance before they develop serious neurotic, psychotic, or characterological disorders

Answer 24

counseling

Question 25

the individual providing assistance and guidance

Answer 25

counselor

Question 26

a highly emotional temporary state in which an individual's feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion, or pain impair his or her ability to act

Answer 26

crisis

Question 27

interventions which help individuals in a crisis situation

Answer 27

crisis counseling

Question 28

a learned emotional response to death-related phenomenon which is characterized by extreme apprehension

Answer 28

death anxiety

Question 29

an often unconscious mental process used to defend against anxiety

Answer 29

defense mechanisms

Question 30

inhibited, suppressed, or postponed response to a loss

Answer 30

delayed grief

Question 31

the defense mechanism by which a person is unable or refuses to see things as they are because the facts are threatening to the self

Answer 31

denial

Question 32

counselor takes an active speaking role, asking questions, suggesting courses of action

Answer 32

directive counseling

Question 33

treating members of groups differently in circumstances where their rights or treatment should be identical

Answer 33

discrimination

Question 34

redirecting feelings toward a person or object other than one who caused the feelings originally

Answer 34

displacement

Question 35

feelings such as happiness, anger or grief, create by brain patterns accompanied by bodily changes

Answer 35

emotion(s)

Question 36

the ability to perceive another's experience and communicate that perception back to the person

Answer 36

empathy

Question 37

right to die; an act or practice of allowing or causing the death of persons suffering from a life-limiting condition

Answer 37

euthanasia

Question 38

reactions that are excessive and disabling

Answer 38

exaggerated grief

Question 39

to assist the understanding of situations and options concerning the circumstances

Answer 39

facilitate

Question 40

strong emotion marked by such reactions as alarm, dread, or disquiet

Answer 40

fear

Question 41

centering a client's thinking and feelings on the situation causing a problem

Answer 41

focusing

Question 42

the study of human behavior as related to funeral service

Answer 42

funeral service psychology

Question 43

the ability to present oneself sincerely

Answer 43

genuineness

Question 44

an emotion or set of emotions due to loss

Answer 44

grief

Question 45

helping people facilitate grief to a healthy resolution

Answer 45

grief counseling

Question 46

a set of symptoms associated with loss

Answer 46

grief syndrome

Question 47

specialized techniques which are used to help people with complicated grief reactions

Answer 47

grief therapy

Question 48

a process occurring with losses aimed at loosening the attachment to that which has been lost for appropriate reinvestment

Answer 48

griefwork

Question 49

support or support system provided to the counsel who is seeking an alternative adjustment to problems

Answer 49

guidance

Question 50

blame directed toward one's self based on real or unreal conditions

Answer 50

guilt

Question 51

the killing of another human being by another

Answer 51

homicide

Question 52

a philosophy of care used in treating the terminally ill

Answer 52

hospice

Question 53

counseling in which a counselor shares a body of special information with a counselee

Answer 53

informational counseling

Question 54

experiencing symptoms and behaviors which cause difficulty but not attributing them to the loss

Answer 54

masked grief

Question 55

any event, person, or object that lessens the degree of pain in grief

Answer 55

mitigation

Question 56

outward expression of grief

Answer 56

mourning

Question 57

that which is expressed by posture, facial expression, actions, physical behavior

Answer 57

non-verbal communication

Question 58

choice of actions provided through counseling as a means of solving the counsel's problem

Answer 58

option

Question 59

a strong emotion characterized by sudden and extreme fear

Answer 59

panic

Question 60

expressing a thought or idea in an alternate and sometimes shortened form

Answer 60

paraphrasing

Question 61

negative attitude towards others based on their gender, religion, race, or membership in a particular group

Answer 61

prejudice

Question 62

counseling which occurs before a death

Answer 62

pre-need counseling

Question 63

attribution of one's unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or behaviors to someone else

Answer 63

projection

Question 64

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Answer 64

psychology

Question 65

intervention with people whose needs are so specific that usually they can only be met by specially trained physicians or psychologists; the practitioners in this field need special training because they often work with deeper levels of consciousness

Answer 65

psychotherapy / jackson

Question 66

a relation of harmony established in any human interaction

Answer 66

rapport

Question 67

supplying a logical, acceptable reason rather than the real reason for an action

Answer 67

rationalization

Question 68

returning to more familiar and often more primitive modes of coping

Answer 68

regression

Question 69

the ability to communicate the belief that everyone possesses the capacity and right to choose alternatives and make decisions

Answer 69

respect

Question 70

compulsive need to go after and retrieve that which has been lost

Answer 70

searching

Question 71

blame that is perceived to be directed toward one's self by others

Answer 71

shame

Question 72

the reaction of the body to an event often experienced emotionally as a sudden, violent, and upsetting disturbance

Answer 72

shock

Question 73

related to specific situations in life that may create crises and produce human pain and suffering

Answer 73

situational counseling

Question 74

making judgments about ourselves through comparison with others

Answer 74

social comparison

Question 75

occurs when an individual's performance improves because of the presence of others

Answer 75

social facilitation

Question 76

the mental and physical condition that occurs when a person must adjust or adapt to the environment

Answer 76

stress

Question 77

any event capable of producing physical or emotional stress

Answer 77

stressor

Question 78

redirection of emotion to culturally or socially useful purposes

Answer 78

sublimation

Question 79

the sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant, which remains unexplained after a complete autopsy and a review of the circumstances around the death

Answer 79

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS or crib death)

Question 80

a deliberate and voluntary act of taking one's own life

Answer 80

suicide

Question 81

a brief review of points covered in a portion of the counseling session

Answer 81

summary

Question 82

a conscious postponement of addressing anxieties and concerns

Answer 82

suppression

Question 83

sincere feelings for the person who is trying to adjust to a serious loss

Answer 83

sympathy

Question 84

the study of death, dying, bereavement, and mourning

Answer 84

thanatology

Question 85

an irrational, exaggerated fear of death

Answer 85

thanatophobia

Question 86

the region of the mind that is beyond awareness especially impulses and desires not directly known to a person

Answer 86

unconscious

Question 87

spoken, oral communication

Answer 87

verbal communication

Question 88

the ability to be considerate and friendly as demonstrated by both verbal and non-verbal behaviors

Answer 88

warmth and caring