Psychology 6.7: Cognitive Bias

Question 1

Cognitive Bias:

Answer 1

A systematic error of judgement and faulty decision-making.

Question 2

Anchoring Bias:

Answer 2

The tendency to rely heavily on the very first piece of information received when making a decision, and to stick with this anchor even if new information comes

Question 3

Attentional Bias:

Answer 3

the tendency to prioritise attention to certain information over other information

Question 4

Confirmation Bias:

Answer 4

The tendency to search for and accept information that supports your beliefs or behaviors, and ignores contradictory information

Question 5

False-consensus bias:

Answer 5

The tendency to overestimate the degree to which other people share the same ideas and attitudes as you do

Question 6

Hindsight Bias:

Answer 6

the tendency to overestimate the extent to which the outcome could have been foreseen after an event has occurred,

Question 7

Misinformation Effect:

Answer 7

the tendency for information acquired after an event to influence the accuracy of the memory of the original event

Question 8

Optimism Bias:

Answer 8

the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of experiencing positive events and underestimate the likelihood of experiencing negative events in the future.

Question 9

Dunning-Kruger Effect:

Answer 9

where people overestimate their knowledge or ability, particularly in areas with which they have little to no knowledge or experience