Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYCH 100.015 > Psychological Disorders (Some Cards Are Not Needed Go Back And Change) > Flashcards

Psychological Disorders (Some Cards Are Not Needed Go Back And Change) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What is agoraphobia?

A

Fear of open spaces

-30% of people with anxiety have this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is anxiety?

A

Characterized by negative effect, muscle tension, and physical arousal which a person apprehensively anticipates future danger or misfortune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is biological vulnerability?

A

Specific genetic and neurobiological factor that could predispose someone to anxiety disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are external clues?

A

Stimuli in the outside world that could trigger anxiety as a result of past traumatic events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the fight or flight response?

A

Biological reaction to alarming stressors that prepare the body to resist or escape a threat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

A

Persistent chronic and unreasonable worry and anxiety, excessive, global, and persistent symptoms of anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is interoceptive avoidance?

A

Avoidance of situations or activities that produce sensations of physical arousal similar to those occurring during a panic attack or fear response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are internal bodily or somatic cues?

A

Physical sensations that serve as triggers for anxiety or reminders of past events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is OCD?

A

Presence of repeated intrusive, repetitive, and unwanted thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Panic Disorder (PD)?

A

Frequent and unexpected panic attacks with no specific trigger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is PTSD?

A

Sense of fear triggered by memories of a past traumatic event that another event might occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are psychological vulnerabilities?

A

Influences that our early experiences have on how we view the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is SAD performance only?

A

Social anxiety disorder which is limited to certain situations that the sufferer perceives as requiring some type of performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is social anxiety disorder (SAD)?

A

Extreme and irrational fear of being embarrassed, judged, or scrutinized by others in social situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are specific vulnerabilities?

A

How our experiences lead us to focus and channel our anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is thought-action fusion?

A

Overestimate the relationship between a thought and an action, mistakenly believes a “bad” thought equivalent of a “bad” action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is anhedonia?

A

Loss of interest or pleasure in activities one previously found enjoyable or rewarding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is attributional style?

A

Person infers the cause or meaning of behaviors or events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is chronic stress?

A

Discrete or related problematic events and conditions which persist over time and result in prolonged activation of the biological and/or physical stress response

Ex: unemployment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is early adversity?

A

Single or multiple acute or chronic stressful events which may be biological or psychological in nature

Ex: poverty or abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is grandiosity?

A

Inflated self-esteem or exaggerated sense of self-importance and self-worth

Ex: believing one has superpowers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is hypersomnia?

A

Excessive daytime sleepiness, difficulty staying away or napping, prolonged sleeping episodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is psychomotor agitation?

A

Increased motor activity associated with restlessness, including physical actions

Ex: fidgeting or pacing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is psychomotor retardation?

A

Slowing of routine physical activities

Ex: eating, brushing teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is suicidal ideation?

A

Recurring thoughts about suicide, planning for suicide, or preoccupation with suicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is social zeitgeber?

A

Zeitgeber is German for “time giver,” environmental cues such as meal time, interactions with other people that entrain biological rhythms and thus sleep-wake cycle regularity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is socioeconomic status?

A

Economic and social position based on income, education, and occupation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is alogia?

A

Reduction in the amount of speech or increased pausing before initiation of speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is catatonia?

A

Behaviors that seem to reflect a reduction in responsiveness to the external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is anhedonia/a motivation?

A

Reduction in drive or ability to take steps to engage in actions necessary to get a positive outcome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are delusions?

A

False beliefs that are often fixed, hard to change even in presence of conflicting information, often culturally influenced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are vivid dreams?

A

Dream that is very clear, and individual can remember the dream in great detail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is trauma?

A

Event or situation that causes great distress and disruption, creates substantial, lasting damage to psychological development of a person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is a trait?

A

When a symptom forms part of personality or character

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is state?

A

Symptom is acute or transient, lasting from a few minutes to a few hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is amnesia?

A

Memory Loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is borderline personality disorder?

A

Instability in personal relationships, self-image, and affects, impulsivity, all-or-nothing thinking, high in neuroticism and emotional stability

Ex: Harley Quinn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are cognitive failures?

A

Everyday slips and lapses, absent mindedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is consciousness?

A

State of being aware of an external object or something within oneself, defined as ability to experience or to feel wakefulness, having sense of self, executive control of the mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is cross-sectional design?

A

Research method that involves observation of all population, or representative subset at one specific point in time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is a defensive coping mechanism?

A

Unconscious process, protects individuals from unacceptable or painful ideas, impulses, or memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is DES?

A

Dissassociative Experiences Scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is DID?

A

Experiencing two or more distinct identities that take over one’s behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is dissociation?

A

Disruption in usually integrated function of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is fantasy proneness?

A

Extensive fantasy or daydreaming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the general population?

A

Sample of people representative to average individual in society

47
Q

What is a mood disorder?

A

Group of diagnoses where a disturbance in the person’s mood is the primary dysfunction (depression, bipolar)

48
Q

What is prevalence?

A

Number of cases a specific disorder has present in a population over time

49
Q

What is the self-report measure?

A

Person fills out a survey with or without the help of an investigator

50
Q

What is positron emission tomography?

A

Use of radio-labeled ligands to reassure the distribution of different neurotransmitter receptors in the brain or measure how much of a transmitter is released when subject is given a certain type of drug

51
Q

What is neurodevelopmental?

A

Processes that influence how the brain develops either in uterus or as the child is growing up

52
Q

What is magnetic resonance imaging?

A

use of strong magnets to measure the structure of the brain or host he brain functions when a person performs cognitive tasks

53
Q

What is the flat affect?

A

Reduction in the display of emotions through facial expressions, gestures, and speech intonation

54
Q

What is episodic memory?

A

Ability to learn and retrieve new information or episodes in one’s life

55
Q

What is the scope, persistence, and effect of GAD?

A

Scope: when one worry is removed another takes its place

Persistence: can’t turn off the worry, more worry days than not

Effect: sleep difficulties, irritability

56
Q

What is the fear of contamination?

A

Fear of contamination by dirt, germs, or other toxic substances. Often accompanied by hand-washing or cleaning compulsion

57
Q

What is pathological doubt?

A

Fear of uncertainty about having accomplished a simple task. Recurring fear that you have inadvertently harmed someone or violated a law. Checking compulsion.

58
Q

What are violent or sexual thoughts (OCD)?

A

Fear that you have or will harm another person or engage in unacceptable behavior.

59
Q

What is compulsive?

A

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform, do not often result from a desire of something but the avoidance of anxiety

60
Q

What is checking?

A

Checking repeatedly to see if a simple task has been completed, may take hours

61
Q

What is counting?

A

Needing to engage in certain behaviors a certain number of times

62
Q

What are the three broad classes of PTSD symptoms?

A

Re-experiencing trauma, avoidance, and hyper arousal

63
Q

What is psychopathology?

A

Study of the origins, symptoms, and development of psychological disorders

64
Q

What are hallucinations?

A

Auditory and visual are most common, results in maladaptive behavior, inability to perform daily behavior, personal distress about emotional state and behavior

65
Q

What is the stress-diathesis model?

A

Predisposition to a given disorder perhaps linked to genetics, environmental stressors trigger it

-Environment or genetics not sufficient for developing a disorder

66
Q

What is DSM-5?

A

Does not use particular theory to explain behavior, descriptive, includes symptoms that need to be met to be diagnosed with a disorder

67
Q

What are anxiety disorders?

A

Characterized by distress, persistent fear and anxiety as well as maladaptive behaviors

68
Q

What is genetics?

A

Monozygotic twins more likely to share a phobia than dizygotic twins, agoraphobia and OCD common in families

69
Q

What is biomedical?

A

Drugs can induce and prevent anxiety

70
Q

What is cognitive/behavioral?

A

Some phobias can be explained in terms of classical, operant, and observational learning

71
Q

What is a panic attack?

A

Sudden episode of extreme anxiety that accelerates in intensity

72
Q

What are phobias?

A

Intense anxiety or panic attack triggered by a specific object or situation, persistent avoidance

73
Q

What are specific phobias?

A

Excessive, intense, and irrational fear of a specific object, situation, or activity that is actively avoided

74
Q

What is personality disorder?

A

Inflexible, maladaptive pattern of thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and interpersonal function, stable over time across situations

75
Q

What is cluster A?

A

Individual appears odd or eccentric, paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal

76
Q

What is cluster B?

A

Individual appears dramatic, emotional, erratic, antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

77
Q

What is cluster C?

A

Anxious or fearful, avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive

78
Q

What is paranoid personality disorder (A)?

A

Distrust and suspiciousness, others motives are interpreted as malevolent, defensive, mistrustful, neuroticism and openness

79
Q

What is schizoid personality disorder (A)?

A

Detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotional expressions, little desire or enjoyment, little interest in sexual intimacy, introverted

Ex: Batman

80
Q

What is schizoid personality disorder (A)?

A

Discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior, magical or odd beliefs, no close friends, unusual speech, neuroticism, introversion, openness

Ex: Willy Wonka

81
Q

What is antisocial personality disorder (B)?

A

Disregard for violation of the rights of others with little sign of empathy or remorse, actions are distressful and alarming, unmotivated to change, physically and verbally abusive, high in antagonism and disinhibition

Ex: Joker

82
Q

What is a sociopath?

A

Violative, sense of morality differs from society, tendency more to social/environmental influences

83
Q

What is histrionic personality disorder (B)?

A

Excessive emotionality, attention seeking, successful at drawing people in with flirtatiousness but are playing a role, extremely shallow and emotionally immature, high in extraversion

Ex: Jessica Rabbit

84
Q

What is narcissistic personality disorder?

A

Grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy, manipulate others to ensure own needs are met, neuroticism, extraversion, antagonism, conscientiousness

Ex: Lockhart

85
Q

What is avoidant personality disorder (C)?

A

Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitivity to negative evaluation

Ex: Charlie Brown

86
Q

What is dependent personality disorder (C)?

A

Submissive, clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be taken care of

Ex: Olaf

87
Q

What is Obsessive-compulsive-personality disorder (C)?

A

Preoccupation with orderliness, perfection, and control

Ex: Sheldon Cooper

88
Q

What is dissociative amnesia?

A

Extensive forgetting associative with highly aversive events

89
Q

What is dissociative fugue?

A

Short, reversible amnesia for personal identity

90
Q

What is depersonalization/derealization disorder?

A

Feeling as though one is an outside observer in their own life

91
Q

What is depersonalization?

A

Feeling detachment or estrangement from oneself

92
Q

What is derealization?

A

An alteration in the perception of one’s surroundings

93
Q

What is dissociative amnesia?

A

Temporary loss of one’s personal memories and identity

94
Q

What is identity confusion?

A

Uncertainty about one’s true identity

95
Q

What are identity alterations?

A

Acting out the identity uncertainty

96
Q

What is the post traumatic model (PTM)?

A

Symptoms reflect strategies to cope with highly aversive experiences, dissociation as a means of escape from painful memories

97
Q

What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Excesses or distortions of normal functioning, present in P’s absent in non-effected population

98
Q

What are delusions?

A

False beliefs that are often fixed and hard to change even when person is presented with conflicting information

99
Q

What are persecutory delusions?

A

Belief that people or groups are watching them with plans to hurt or do harm

100
Q

What are grandiose delusions?

A

Belief that you have special power, ability, or identity

101
Q

What are reference delusions?

A

Belief that events or object have special meanings meant for them

102
Q

What are thought insertion delusions?

A

Belief that others are controlling their thoughts and actions, thoughts are being broadcast, or that they can read other’s minds

103
Q

What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Deficits or decreases in behavior or emotional function

104
Q

What are the emotional symptoms of depression?

A

Sadness, hopelessness, helplessness, guilt emptiness, worthlessness, emotional disconnection, distancing from people

105
Q

What are the behavioral symptoms of depression?

A

Less eye contact, sad facial expressions, smile less, slowed movements, speech and gestures, spontaneous crying, loss of interest in activities

106
Q

What are the cognitive symptoms of depression?

A

Difficulty thinking, concentrating, and remembering, global negativity and pessimism, suicidal thoughts or preoccupation with death

107
Q

What are the physical symptoms of depression?

A

Appetite changes, insomnia, chronic aches and pains, diminished sexual interest, anxiety, restlessness and fidgeting

108
Q

What is bipolar disorder 1?

A

Previously manic depression, single or recurrent manic episode, depressive episode not necessary for diagnosis, must cause significant distress or impairment

109
Q

What is bipolar disorder II?

A

Single or recurrent hypomanic episode and depressive episode, must cause significant distress

110
Q

What are the verbal cues of suicide?

A

Being a burden, feeling trapped, expressing hopelessness, experiencing unbearable pain

111
Q

What are the behavior cues of suicide?

A

Exploring methods, withdrawing from activities, recklessness, isolation, giving away prized possessions, unexplained aggression

112
Q

What are mood symptoms of suicide?

A

Depression, rage, irritability, anxiety humiliation, loss of interest

113
Q

What is bipolar disorder?

A

Extreme mood swings, episodes of incapacitating depression alternate with episodes of euphoria

114
Q

What are situational factors of suicide?

A

Stressful life event, prolonged exposure to stressful events, access to drugs and firearms

PSYCH 100.015 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions