Cognitive Development In Childhood

Question 1

What is the sensorimotor stage?

Answer 1

Peek-a-boo game, kids picking things up and putting them in their mouths (Birth to 2 years), children represent the enduring reality of objects

Question 2

What is Piaget’s Stage Theory?

Answer 2

Development occurs through a sequence of discontinuous stages

Question 3

What are sociocultural theories?

Answer 3

Lev Vygotsky that emphasizes how other people and the attitudes, values, and beliefs of surrounding culture influence child development

Question 4

What are information processing theories?

Answer 4

David Klhar, focus on describing the cognitive processes that underlie thinking at any one age and cognitive growth over time

Question 5

What is Nature?

Answer 5

Genes that children bring with them into life (being tall) and influence all aspects of development

Question 6

What is nurture?

Answer 6

The environment, starting from the womb, that influence all aspect of children’s development (social as well as physical)

Question 7

What is depth perception?

Answer 7

Ability to actively perceive the distance from oneself to objects in the environment

Question 8

What is a quantitative change?

Answer 8

Gradual, incremental change, as in the growth of a pine tree’s girth

Question 9

What is a qualitative change?

Answer 9

Large, fundamental change, caterpillar into a butterfly, stage theories such as Piaget’s, becoming totally different after a transition

Question 10

What is continuous development?

Answer 10

Occurs in a gradual incremental manner, rather than through sudden jumps

Question 11

What is discontinuous development?

Answer 11

Long periods of gradual slow change (can see stages)

Question 12

What is the preoperational stage?

Answer 12

Age 2 to 7, can represent objects through drawing and language but can’t solve logical reasoning problems, imagination, symbolic thinking

Question 13

What is the concrete operational stage?

Answer 13

Ages 7 to 12, children can think logically about concrete situations but not engage in systematic scientific reasoning, if shown two same size glasses with liquid says same if one is transferred to bigger glass they say that one has more, begin to understand time and space

Question 14

What is the formal operational stage?

Answer 14

Age 12 to death, gain reasoning powers of educated adults, start doing hypothetical thinking such as algebra, scientific thinking, strategy and planning become possible

Question 15

What is the object permanence test?

Answer 15

Infants below the age of 9 months fail to search for an object that is removed from their sight and if not allowed to search for the object immediately will forget that it still exists

Question 16

What is a conservation problem?

Answer 16

The physical transformation of an object or set of objects changes a perceptually salient dimension but not the quantity it is being asked about

Question 17

What is phonemic awareness?

Answer 17

Awareness of the component sounds within words

Question 18

What is the self-concept test?

Answer 18

15-24 month olds for the first time if you put something on their nose will reach up and try to get it off before that they thought it was another person or creature

Question 19

What is the advantage of playing chutes and ladders in children?

Answer 19

Seems to be useful for building numerical knowledge in children

Question 20

What are numerical magnitudes?

Answer 20

The size of numbers

Question 21

What are authoritative parents?

Answer 21

Set rules, allow for freedom to make decisions within those rules (children with high-self esteem)

Question 22

What are authoritarian parents?

Answer 22

Impose rules and demand strict obedience, not allowing for even questioning of rules (children who are passive, moody, fearful and withdrawn)

Question 23

What are permissive parents (free-range parenting)?

Answer 23

Allow children to set their own rules, make few demands (children lack self-discipline)

Question 24

What is rejecting-neglecting parenting?

Answer 24

Ignoring your child, unresponsive, don’t set limits, do not consider child’s needs