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AP Psychology > Psychological Disorders and Treatment > Flashcards

Psychological Disorders and Treatment Flashcards

1
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

excessive anxiety and worry for at least 6 months
-symptoms include difficulty focusing and sleep disturbance

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2
Q

Panic Disorder

A

sudden or repeated episodes of intense fear
-feels like a heart attack or even death
-physical, not predictable

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3
Q

specific phobia

A

persistent irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no real danger

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4
Q

social anxiety disorder

A

fear of being humiliated in front of others
-can be described as extreme shyness

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5
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of being in large crowds because they are afraid they will have a panic attack and not be able to get out of the crowd to seek help

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6
Q

anxiety disorders

A

classified as a psychological disorder only when it becomes distressing or persistent or is characterized by maladaptive behaviors intended to reduce it

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7
Q

examples of anxiety disorders

A
  1. generalized anxiety disorder
  2. panic disorder
  3. specific phobia
  4. social anxiety disorder
  5. agoraphobia
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8
Q

examples of obsessive-compulsive related disorders

A
  1. OCD
  2. Hoarding disorder
  3. body dysmorphic disorder
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9
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder

A

endless cycle of obsessions followed by compulsions (behaviors) to temporarily alleviate the anxiety

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10
Q

Hoarding Disorder

A

persistent difficulty of parting with possessions because of perceived need to save them

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11
Q

body dysmorphic disorder

A

persistent preoccupation with one perceive flaw or defect in their physical appearance
-believe others are staring
-ex. hair pulling, cheek biting, lip biting, mirror checking

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12
Q

example of trauma related disorders

A
  1. PTSD
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13
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

anxiety problem that develops after extremely traumatic events such as, combat, crime, an accident, or natural disaster
-flashback, noise, or vision can trigger this

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14
Q

somatic symptom disorders

A

stress converts into physical symptoms, which have no biological explanation
-symptoms must cause significant distress or impairment in functioning

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15
Q

examples of somatic symptom disorders

A
  1. functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder)
  2. illness anxiety disorder (hypochondria)
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16
Q

functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder)

A

stress converts itself into some physical ailment

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17
Q

illness anxiety disorder (hypochondria)

A

someone who has a physical ailment, but they exaggerate and convince themselves that it is worse
- having a headache and believing it is a brain tumor

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18
Q

dissociative disorders

A

disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity or perception of the environment
-break from reality

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19
Q

examples of dissociative disorders

A
  1. dissociative amnesia
  2. DID
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20
Q

Dissociative Amnesia

A

loss of memory with no known physical reason
-most often a result of something traumatic like a form of abuse

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21
Q

dissociative Identity disorder

A

-development of separate, distinct identities

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22
Q

examples of bipolar and depressive disorders

A
  1. major depressive disorder
  2. seasonal affective disorder
  3. bipolar disorder
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23
Q

major depressive disorder

A

-depressed mood most of the day and a loss of interest in daily activities
-must occur for two weeks

24
Q

seasonal affective disorder

A

depression that occurs in winter time due to lack of sunlight
-messes up circadian rhythm (24 hour clock ) because it is darker longer

25
bipolar disorder
have depressed episodes and then mania episodes -mania = crazy levels of happiness and impulsive thinking, can lead to substance abuse -long lasting, depressive episodes can last at least 2 weeks and manic episodes at least 1 week
26
schizophrenia
positive symptoms -hallucinations -disillusions negative symptoms -flat "affect" = no emotion or facial expressions cognitive -trouble focusing or paying attention
27
genetic link to schizophrenia
there is a genetic link but it is not a gurantee, as it shows there needs to be an environmental trigger to spark it
28
environmental explanation for schizophrenia
can occur due to an envitonmental trauma can also occur to baby if mother is exposed to increased amounts of stress while fetus is in the womb
29
dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenia can occur if there is too much dopamine people with schizophrenia also have enlarged ventricles
30
examples of personality disorders
1. narcissistic 2. histrionic 3. borderline 4. antisocial
31
narcissistic
-grandiose sense of importance -think they are superior all of the time
32
histrionic
self-centered, need to be center of attention, may flirt inappropriately, or tell inappropriate jokes -ex. michael scott
33
borderline
-unstable relationships -fear of being abandoned -might self-harm -explosive anger -unstable self-image
33
antisocial
-lack of empathy -disregard for right and wrong -use charm in order to manipulate - does not care who they manipulate
34
biopsychosocial approach
-take a little from each one 1. mind 2. body 3. environment
35
Freud's treatment plan
-patient lies on couch without therapist in sight -free association -dream interpretation
36
free association
first thing that comes to mind (patient says) in order to get to conflict
37
dream interpretation
2 parts to dream 1. latent content (good stuff) 2. manifest content (everyday stuff)
38
problems with psychoanalysis treatment plan
1. resistance (pateint) 2. transference (patient places feelings from someone else onto the therapist
39
biological approach
-drug therapy -surgeries and procedures
40
anti-anxiety meds
-mimics effects of GABA ex. xanax and valium
41
anti-psychotic
-schizophrenia -decreases dopamine levels in the brain -side effect = tardive dyskinesia (tremmors)
42
mood stabilizers
-bipolar disorder ex. lithium
43
anti-depressents
-depressive disorders -SSRIs (block re uptake of serotonin)
44
ECT procedure
-eclectro compulsive therapy -shock therapy
45
TMS procedure
-trans cranial magnetic stimulation -places magnets in the brain to stimulate the pleasure center
46
deep brain stimulation procedure
-implant electrode in brain to connect to pacemakers -stimulates the pleasure center
47
Humanist approach
-maslow and rodgers -client-centered therapy -encourages use of therapeutic environment -unconditional positive regard -active listening (can get annoying)
48
behavioral approach
-tries to make learned behavior unlearned
49
systematic desensitization
-behavioral treatment -slowly expose the patient to whatever is causing fear -can take a while
50
exposure therapy
-behavioral treatment -flooding
51
token economy
-behavioral treatment -token in exchange for desired behavior *ex. stickers -doesn't work for depression
52
aversion therapy
-behavioral treatment -pair stimulus with aversive stimulus -ex. give an alcoholic, alcohol with a emetic drug in it, this will then make them associate alcohol with vomit
53
cognitive approach
-state the problem is an irrational way of thinking, negative self -talk, rumination, catastrophic (mental illness) *want to change these thinking patterns
54
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
-Aaron Beck -has clients recognize their negative thoughts (diaries or journals) -most used for depression, more effective than drugs
55
rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
-Albert Ellis -ABC approach -wants to change belief aspect -difference is that this behavior therapy is confrontational
56
ABC approach
1. A = activating event 2. B = belief 3. C = consequence

AP Psychology (10 decks)

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