Psychological Disorders and Treatment Flashcards
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
excessive anxiety and worry for at least 6 months
-symptoms include difficulty focusing and sleep disturbance
Panic Disorder
sudden or repeated episodes of intense fear
-feels like a heart attack or even death
-physical, not predictable
specific phobia
persistent irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no real danger
social anxiety disorder
fear of being humiliated in front of others
-can be described as extreme shyness
agoraphobia
fear of being in large crowds because they are afraid they will have a panic attack and not be able to get out of the crowd to seek help
anxiety disorders
classified as a psychological disorder only when it becomes distressing or persistent or is characterized by maladaptive behaviors intended to reduce it
examples of anxiety disorders
- generalized anxiety disorder
- panic disorder
- specific phobia
- social anxiety disorder
- agoraphobia
examples of obsessive-compulsive related disorders
- OCD
- Hoarding disorder
- body dysmorphic disorder
Obsessive compulsive disorder
endless cycle of obsessions followed by compulsions (behaviors) to temporarily alleviate the anxiety
Hoarding Disorder
persistent difficulty of parting with possessions because of perceived need to save them
body dysmorphic disorder
persistent preoccupation with one perceive flaw or defect in their physical appearance
-believe others are staring
-ex. hair pulling, cheek biting, lip biting, mirror checking
example of trauma related disorders
- PTSD
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
anxiety problem that develops after extremely traumatic events such as, combat, crime, an accident, or natural disaster
-flashback, noise, or vision can trigger this
somatic symptom disorders
stress converts into physical symptoms, which have no biological explanation
-symptoms must cause significant distress or impairment in functioning
examples of somatic symptom disorders
- functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder)
- illness anxiety disorder (hypochondria)
functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder)
stress converts itself into some physical ailment
illness anxiety disorder (hypochondria)
someone who has a physical ailment, but they exaggerate and convince themselves that it is worse
- having a headache and believing it is a brain tumor
dissociative disorders
disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity or perception of the environment
-break from reality
examples of dissociative disorders
- dissociative amnesia
- DID
Dissociative Amnesia
loss of memory with no known physical reason
-most often a result of something traumatic like a form of abuse
dissociative Identity disorder
-development of separate, distinct identities
examples of bipolar and depressive disorders
- major depressive disorder
- seasonal affective disorder
- bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
-depressed mood most of the day and a loss of interest in daily activities
-must occur for two weeks
seasonal affective disorder
depression that occurs in winter time due to lack of sunlight
-messes up circadian rhythm (24 hour clock ) because it is darker longer
bipolar disorder
have depressed episodes and then mania episodes
-mania = crazy levels of happiness and impulsive thinking, can lead to substance abuse
-long lasting, depressive episodes can last at least 2 weeks and manic episodes at least 1 week
schizophrenia
positive symptoms
-hallucinations
-disillusions
negative symptoms
-flat “affect” = no emotion or facial expressions
cognitive
-trouble focusing or paying attention
genetic link to schizophrenia
there is a genetic link but it is not a gurantee, as it shows there needs to be an environmental trigger to spark it
environmental explanation for schizophrenia
can occur due to an envitonmental trauma
can also occur to baby if mother is exposed to increased amounts of stress while fetus is in the womb
dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenia can occur if there is too much dopamine
people with schizophrenia also have enlarged ventricles
examples of personality disorders
- narcissistic
- histrionic
- borderline
- antisocial
narcissistic
-grandiose sense of importance
-think they are superior all of the time
histrionic
self-centered, need to be center of attention, may flirt inappropriately, or tell inappropriate jokes
-ex. michael scott
borderline
-unstable relationships
-fear of being abandoned
-might self-harm
-explosive anger
-unstable self-image
antisocial
-lack of empathy
-disregard for right and wrong
-use charm in order to manipulate
- does not care who they
manipulate
biopsychosocial approach
-take a little from each one
1. mind
2. body
3. environment
Freud’s treatment plan
-patient lies on couch without therapist in sight
-free association
-dream interpretation
free association
first thing that comes to mind (patient says) in order to get to conflict
dream interpretation
2 parts to dream
1. latent content (good stuff)
2. manifest content (everyday stuff)
problems with psychoanalysis treatment plan
- resistance (pateint)
- transference (patient places feelings from someone else onto the therapist
biological approach
-drug therapy
-surgeries and procedures
anti-anxiety meds
-mimics effects of GABA
ex. xanax and valium
anti-psychotic
-schizophrenia
-decreases dopamine levels in the brain
-side effect = tardive dyskinesia (tremmors)
mood stabilizers
-bipolar disorder
ex. lithium
anti-depressents
-depressive disorders
-SSRIs (block re uptake of serotonin)
ECT procedure
-eclectro compulsive therapy
-shock therapy
TMS procedure
-trans cranial magnetic stimulation
-places magnets in the brain to stimulate the pleasure center
deep brain stimulation procedure
-implant electrode in brain to connect to pacemakers
-stimulates the pleasure center
Humanist approach
-maslow and rodgers
-client-centered therapy
-encourages use of therapeutic environment
-unconditional positive regard
-active listening (can get annoying)
behavioral approach
-tries to make learned behavior unlearned
systematic desensitization
-behavioral treatment
-slowly expose the patient to whatever is causing fear
-can take a while
exposure therapy
-behavioral treatment
-flooding
token economy
-behavioral treatment
-token in exchange for desired behavior
*ex. stickers
-doesn’t work for depression
aversion therapy
-behavioral treatment
-pair stimulus with aversive stimulus
-ex. give an alcoholic, alcohol with a emetic drug in it, this will then make them associate alcohol with vomit
cognitive approach
-state the problem is an irrational way of thinking, negative self -talk, rumination, catastrophic (mental illness)
*want to change these thinking patterns
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
-Aaron Beck
-has clients recognize their negative thoughts (diaries or journals)
-most used for depression, more effective than drugs
rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
-Albert Ellis
-ABC approach
-wants to change belief aspect
-difference is that this behavior therapy is confrontational
ABC approach
- A = activating event
- B = belief
- C = consequence
