cognition Flashcards
automatic encoding
requires no effort
(what you had for breakfast)
effortful encoding
-requires attention
(schoolwork)
self-referent encoding
we better remember what we’re interested in
(you’d better remember someone’s phone number who you found extremely attractive)
dual encoding
using multiple methods of processing to remember
(photo and words)
method of loci
using locations to remember a list of items in order
context dependent memory
the location where you learn the info you best remember the info
(scuba divers testing)
state dependent memory
the physical state you were in when learning is the way you should be when testing
(study high, test high)
depth of processing
the deeper (more effort, thought) you think about something the more you remember
iconic memory
visual memory, lasts 0.3 seconds
echoic memory
auditory memory, lasts 2-3
explicit (declarative)
conscious recollection
episodic memory
events
semantic memory
facts
implicit memory (nondeclarative)
unconscious recollection
priming
info that is seen earlier “primes” you to remember something later on
long-term potentiation
neural basis of memory - connections are strengthened over time with repeated stimulation (more firing of neurons)
serial position effect
tendency to remember the beginning (primacy effect) and the end (recency effect) of the list best
flashbulb memories
particularly vivid memories for highly important events
(9/11 attack)
encoding failure
forget info bc you never encoded it (paid attention to it) in the first place
(which is the real penny)
encoding specificity principle
the more closely retrieval cues match the way we learned the info, the better we remember the info
(like state dependent memory)
forgetting curve
-Herman Ebbinghaus (tested on himself)
recall decreases rapidly at first, then reaches a plateau after which little more is forgotten
