cognition

Question 1

automatic encoding

Answer 1

requires no effort
(what you had for breakfast)

Question 2

effortful encoding

Answer 2

-requires attention
(schoolwork)

Question 3

self-referent encoding

Answer 3

we better remember what we’re interested in
(you’d better remember someone’s phone number who you found extremely attractive)

Question 4

dual encoding

Answer 4

using multiple methods of processing to remember
(photo and words)

Question 5

method of loci

Answer 5

using locations to remember a list of items in order

Question 6

context dependent memory

Answer 6

the location where you learn the info you best remember the info
(scuba divers testing)

Question 7

state dependent memory

Answer 7

the physical state you were in when learning is the way you should be when testing
(study high, test high)

Question 8

depth of processing

Answer 8

the deeper (more effort, thought) you think about something the more you remember

Question 9

iconic memory

Answer 9

visual memory, lasts 0.3 seconds

Question 10

echoic memory

Answer 10

auditory memory, lasts 2-3

Question 11

explicit (declarative)

Answer 11

conscious recollection

Question 12

episodic memory

Answer 12

events

Question 13

semantic memory

Answer 13

facts

Question 14

implicit memory (nondeclarative)

Answer 14

unconscious recollection

Question 15

priming

Answer 15

info that is seen earlier “primes” you to remember something later on

Question 16

long-term potentiation

Answer 16

neural basis of memory - connections are strengthened over time with repeated stimulation (more firing of neurons)

Question 17

serial position effect

Answer 17

tendency to remember the beginning (primacy effect) and the end (recency effect) of the list best

Question 18

flashbulb memories

Answer 18

particularly vivid memories for highly important events
(9/11 attack)

Question 19

encoding failure

Answer 19

forget info bc you never encoded it (paid attention to it) in the first place
(which is the real penny)

Question 20

encoding specificity principle

Answer 20

the more closely retrieval cues match the way we learned the info, the better we remember the info
(like state dependent memory)

Question 21

forgetting curve

Answer 21

-Herman Ebbinghaus (tested on himself)
recall decreases rapidly at first, then reaches a plateau after which little more is forgotten