Psychological disorders

Question 1

schizophrenia

Answer 1

characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances in content and form of thought, perception, and behavior.
+ symptoms: hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thought and behavior.
- symptoms: disturbance of affect and avolition

Question 2

major depressive disorder

Answer 2

contains at least one major depressive episode:
period of depressed mood, loss of interest, appetite disturbances, weight changes, sleep disturbances, decreased energy, feelings of worthlessness/excessive guilt, difficulty concentrating, psychomotor symptoms - feeling “slowed down,” SI

at least one of the symptoms must be depressed mood or adhedonia (loss of interest in normally enjoyed activities)

Question 3

persistent depressive disorder

Answer 3

a depressed mood for at least 2 years

suffer from dysthymia - depressed mood that isn’t severe enough to meet the criteria of major depressive disorder

Question 4

seasonal affective disorder

Answer 4

the colloquial name for major depressive disorder with seasonal onset, with depression occurring during winter months

Question 5

bipolar I disorder

Answer 5

contains at least one manic episode, which includes one of at least three of these symptoms: distractibility, insomnia, grandiosity, flight of ideas (racing thoughts), agitation, thoughtlessness (risky behavior)

Question 6

bipolar II disorder

Answer 6

contains at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode.
hypomania: state of increased optimism and energy, usually does not impair function, nor are there psychotic features.

Question 7

cyclothymic disorder

Answer 7

hypomanic episodes with dysthymia episode that are not severe enough to classify as major depressive episodes

Question 8

generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 8

constant disproportionate and persistent worry

Question 9

specific phobias

Answer 9

irrational fears of specific objects

Question 10

social anxiety disorder

Answer 10

anxiety due to social or performance situations

Question 11

agoraphobia

Answer 11

fear of places or situations where it is hard for an individual to escape

Question 12

panic disorder

Answer 12

recurrent attacks of intense, overwhelming fear and sympathetic nervous system activity with no clear stimulus. May lead to agorophobia

Question 13

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Answer 13

obsessions: persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses
compulsions: repetitive tasks that relieve tension but cause significant impairment

Question 14

body dysmorphic disorder

Answer 14

unrealistic negative evaluation of one’s appearance or a specific body part

Question 15

dissociative amnesia

Answer 15

inability to recall past experience. may involve dissociative fugue, a sudden change in location that can involve the assumption of a new identity.

Question 16

dissociative identity disorder

Answer 16

two or more personalities that take control of behavior

Question 17

depersonalization/derealization disorder

Answer 17

feelings of detachment from the from the mind and body, or from the environment

Question 18

Korsakoff’s syndrome

Answer 18

chronic memory disorder due to severe deficiency in thiamine (vitamin B12)

• related to poor nutrition, alcoholism, AIDs, and chronic infections.
  symptoms: confabulation - “make up” things they are unable to remember, without intention to deceive.