Learning, memory, motivation

Question 1

extinction

Answer 1

Conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus enough times that subject becomes habituated to CS

ex) if the bell rings often enough without the dog receiving meat, the dog may stop salivating at the sound of the bell.

Question 2

generalization

Answer 2

stimulus similar to the CS becomes able to produce CR

Question 3

discrimination

Answer 3

subject learns to distinguish between two stimuli

Question 4

automatic processing

Answer 4

info gained without effort (passive)

Question 5

controlled processing

Answer 5

actively working to acquire info

Question 6

implicit

Answer 6

skills and conditioned responses

Question 7

explicit

Answer 7

memories that require conscious recall

Question 8

habituation

Answer 8

process of becoming used to a stimulus

Question 9

dishabituation

Answer 9

occurs when a second stimulus intervenes, causing a resensitization to the original stimulus. recovery of a response to a stimulus after habituation of a stimulus

Question 10

observational learning

Answer 10

acquisition of behavior by watching others

Question 11

associative learning

Answer 11

pairing together stimuli and responses or behaviors and consequences (two types - classical and operant)

Question 12

classical conditioning

Answer 12

creating associations between two unrelated stimuli by using biological/instinctual responses

ex) pavlov’s dog

Question 13

operant conditioning

Answer 13

links voluntary behaviors with consequences in an effort to alter the frequency of those behaviors.

utilizes reinforcement or punishment

associated with BF Skinner - father of behavioralism, the theory that behaviors are conditioned.

Question 14

What is the difference between conditioned and unconditioned response?

Answer 14

conditioned = reflexive response to a stimulus that has been intentionally turned from a neutral stimulus to a stimulus that elicits a particular response.

unconditioned = an innate or reflexive response to a stimulus that has not been taught or manipulated

Question 15

Positive reinforcement

Answer 15

stimulus is added and behavior continues

increase in behavior by adding positive consequence or inscentive

Question 16

Negative reinforcement

Answer 16

stimulus is removed and behavior continues

increase frequency of behavior by removing something unpleasant.

Question 17

Positive punishment

Answer 17

stimulus is added and behavior stops

adds an unpleasant consequence in response to a behavior to reduce that behavior

Question 18

Negative punishment

Answer 18

stimulus is removed and behavior stops

Question 19

episodic memory

Answer 19

reasoning and comprehension of what is going on around you. autobiographical information about events in one’s life.

Question 20

sensory memory

Answer 20

memories of sensory information

Question 21

implicit memory

Answer 21

unconscious memory of skills and conditioned responses.

Question 22

a hit

Answer 22

when you remember something accurately

Question 23

context effect

Answer 23

when you remember something because you are in the same environment in which you learned about it.

Question 24

deja vu

Answer 24

a type of context effect in which a person thinks they have experienced an event previously

Question 25

a false alarm

Answer 25

participant identifies the incorrect option as “yes” when the stimulus was not originally present -

Question 26

unconditioned stimulus

Answer 26

triggers an automatic response without training.

ex. eating food triggers salivation

Question 27

unconditioned response

Answer 27

automatic response to unconditioned stimulus.

Question 28

neutral stimulus

Answer 28

does not automatically trigger a response

Question 29

conditioned stimulus

Answer 29

a neutral stimulus is paired with something that elicits an unconditioned response do that eventually the neutral stimulus elicits a response

Question 30

conditioned response

Answer 30

trained response to a conditioned stimulus