Psychological Disorders Flashcards
Biomedical approach v. Biopsychosocial approach
Biomedical approach to treatment only focuses on biological symptoms while biopsychosocial symptoms focus on the biological, psychological, and social symptoms.
DSM ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders)
Used to classify mental disorders based on symptom patterns, most current version is DSM-5.
What is schizophrenia? What are the symptoms?
Psychotic disorder
Classifications of 2 symptom classes:
- Negative symptoms means taking away a normal function. ie. affect ( loss of emotion) , avolition ( inability to start or continue goal direction activities).
- Positive symptoms means adding abnormal functions ie. delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior).
- Associated with abnormally high transmission of dopaminergic neurons.
Major depressive disorder
Persistent depressive disorder
Seasonal affective disorder
- Major depressive disorder- At least one major depressive episode.
- Persistent depressive disorder- dysthimia ( milder but long- lasting form of depression) for at least 2 years that doesn’t qualify for major depressive disorder.
- Seasonal affective disorder- depression that happens during certain seasons ( ie. winter).
- Associated with high levels of glucoticosteriods with low levels of norepinephrine, seretonin, and dopamine.
Bipolar disorders
Disorder consisting of manic or hypomanic episodes.
- Bipolar I disorder - Contains at least one manic episode.
- Bipolar II disorder- contains at least one manic episode and one major depressive episode.
- Cyclothymic disorder - characterized by hypomanic episodes with dysthimia.
** Manic = periods of high excitement, euphoria v. Hypomania = shorter and milder periods of excitement, euphoria**
** Highly heritable and characterized by high levels of norepinephrine and seretonin**
Describe the following anxiety disorders:
- Generalized anxiety disorders
- Specific phobias
- Social anxiety disorder
- Panic disorder
- Generalized anxiety disorders - persistent worry about various things for at least six months.
- Specific phobias- fears about specific things.
- Social anxiety disorder- anxiety over social situations.
- Panic disorder - marked by periods of panic attacks which are times of fear and sympathetic NS overdrive with no clear stimulus. Can lead to agoraphobia (fear to leave spaces the person deems safe, like home)
Obsessive- compulsive disorder
characterized by obsessions and compulsions ( repetitive tasks that are done to relive tension but can impair their life).
Body dysmorphic disorder
Unrealistic, negative perceptions of their body often accompanied by extreme efforts to “ fix” it.
Post- traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD)
PTSD is characterized by intrusion symptoms ( reliving event), avoidance symptoms ( avoiding places or people related to the event), negative cognitive symptoms, and arousal symptoms.
Dissociative amnesia
inability to call prior events without an underlying neurological disorder. Can be associated with dissociative rugue in which someone adopts a new identity when they move to a new place.
Dissociative identity disorder
When a person adopts more than one identity
Depersonalization/ Derealization disorder
When someone expriences a seperation from the mind and body or their environment.
Somatic symptom disorder
Involves bodily symptoms, can or cannot be linked to an underlying medical condition.
Illness anxiety disorder
Anxiety about getting a certain medical condition
Conversion disorder
symptoms affecting motor and sensory systems symptoms usually coming from past traumatic events.
