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A level psychology Component 1 > Psychodynamic Assumptions > Flashcards

Psychodynamic Assumptions Flashcards

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1
Q

Introduction

A

Freud suggested that personality develops due to an interaction between our innate drives and early experiences

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2
Q

Name of Assumption 1

A

THE INFLUENCE OF CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES

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3
Q

Assumption 1 - INFLUENCES OF CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES

A
  • the psychodynamic approcah assumes that early childhood experiences can have an effect on later development
  • ## many aspects of our behaviour and emotions as adults can be linked to particular stages and events in childhood
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4
Q

Frustrations// overindulgence?

A
  • frustrations or overindulgence at particular stages can be reflected in adult personality characteristics
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5
Q

What is a frustration?

A

Too little experince in that stage

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6
Q

What is an overindulgence?

A

Too much of what we need/ want in that stage

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7
Q

Psychosexual stages and the Libido?

A
  • during each stage Libido (life force) is attached to a part of the body
  • 5 stages - 1,2 and 3 are most important in determining personality
  • experiences during each stage result in distinct adult personality types
  • overindulge or frustration lead to fixation-> personality characteristics
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8
Q

What is a libido??

A

Drive within you that wants you to be happy and healthy

SURVIVE AND DRIVE THRIVE

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9
Q

ORAL STAGE

A

0-2 years + libido centred around mouth

Frustrations: nail biting, chew constantly, over eating, smoking, personality = sarcasm, cynical jealous

Oral overindulgence: guilible, naive, easily manipulated, happy, optimistic

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10
Q

ANAL STAGE

A

2-3 years - potty training- libido centered around anus

Potty training too strict- anal retention= tidy, controlling, OCD, tight with money (miserly)

Potty training too easy going- ANAL EXPULSION = ‘let it all hang out’ = reckless, messy, slob

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11
Q

PHALLIC STAGE

A
  • 3- 6 years old
  • libido centered around genitals

Oedipus complex
Electra complex

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12
Q

What is the oedipus complex?

A
  • Boys
  • desire mother
  • hatred/ jealousy towards dad
  • castration anxiety- repress fear + transfer affections towards dad -> follow in father’s footsteps -> develop gender identity + superego
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13
Q

What is the electra complex?

A
  • girls
  • idolises dad- PENIS ENVY - realises her and mum have a lack of this - repress this negative emotion
  • transfer affections to mum
  • follow in mum’s footsteps
  • develop gender identity and superego
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14
Q

LATENCY STAGE


dormant

A
  • 6 - puberty
  • develop same sex friends
  • libido dormant/ inactive
  • development of gender identity
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15
Q

GENITAL STAGE

A

Puberty-> rest of life

- interest in heterosexual relationships

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16
Q

What happens if each stage is not resolved correctly??

A
  • a child becomes fixated at that stage = a bit of the libido remains STUCK in that stage -> adults behave to satisfy needs of libido
17
Q

A person who is fixated in the Phallic stage =

A

Narcissistic (self absorbed) and have difficult maintaining and building relationships with other people

18
Q

Genital stage - fixations?

A

If a child has passed through previous stages with no fixations then they will be able to build normal relationships with people of the opposite sex.

19
Q

Name of assumption 2?

A

The unconscious mind

20
Q

Assumption 2 info

A
  • Freud believed that the unconscious mind determines much of our behaviour
  • like an iceberg, what goes on ‘underneath the surface’ of the mind has the greatest influence
21
Q

Conscious mind definition

A

Conscious- who we think we are, memories we can easily access

22
Q

Preconcious mind definition?

A

Dreams/ memories which weren’t stored in the consious mind but can be accessed

23
Q

Unconscious mind definition?

A

Troubling thoughts, memories, past experiences, conflicts from psychosexual stages, passion, hatred

24
Q

Preconcious or …

A

Subconcious

25
Q

Unconscious drives, and unresolved conflicts from childhood

A
  • stored in our unconscious
  • drive much of our behaviour in later life
  • provoke anxiety
  • the ego, the concious part of the mind, defends itself from anxiety with various ego defence mechanisms
26
Q

Why we do we use ego defense mechanisms?

A

To protect us from being consciously aware of the troubling content in our unconscious mind

27
Q

Examples of defence mechanisms: repression

A

Pushing painful memories deep down into our unconcious mind. A.k.a motivated forgetting
E.G: during the oedipus complex agressive thoughts about the same sex parent are repressed

28
Q

Examples of ego defense mechanisms: Displacements

A

Satisfying an impulse (e.g. aggression) with a substitute objects
E.g. someone who is frustrated by their boss at work may go home and kick the Dog

Displacement Dog

29
Q

Examples of ego defense mechanisms: projection

A

Undesirable thoughts are attributed to someone else
E.g.: you might hate someone but your superego belives this is unacceptable and so you turn it into ‘they hate me’
Projection = paranoia

30
Q

Assumption 3 name

A

Tripartite personality

31
Q

Assumption 3 information

A
  • Freud believed that adult personality is structured into 3 parts that develop at different stages in life
  • id- from birth
  • ego - from around 2
  • superego - from around 4
32
Q

The ID

A
  • The id is the part of the personality structure that includes a human’s basic needs, instinctual; drives such as sex, hunger, aggressiveness.
    based on pleasure principal to avoid pain or displeasure and to obtain pleasure.
    INSTANT GRATIFICATION
33
Q

hedonistic =

A

pleasure seeking

34
Q

the ego

A
  • develops around age of 2 = ANAL stage
    -conscious rational part of the mind
  • function is to work out realistic ways balancing the demands of the id in a socially acceptable way
    REALITY PRINCIPAL
35
Q

The Superego

A
  • last part of the personality to develop around the age of 4
  • it is the sense of right and wrong and contains our ideal self
  • learned primarily through identification with parents
  • governed by the morality principle
  • conscious mind
  • phallic stage
36
Q

….. and …… are often in conflict

A

the id and superego are often in conflict - the ego acts as a referee to try and resolve the conflict
- depending on the DYNAMICS of these 3 parts of our personality, we may display certain behaviour/ traits
- dominant id- impulsive, selfish
dominant superego - excessive guilt

A level psychology Component 1 (24 decks)

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