Behaviourist approach Assumptions Flashcards

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1
Q

Behaviourist approach intro

A
  • purely interested in explaining behaviours
  • can count, not thoughts, feelings, anxiety, depression
  • agression
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2
Q

background on behaviourist

A
  • The BA developed as an attempt to find a more scientific explanation of behaviour
  • It is based on the idea that behaviour is the result of how we RESPOND to events or triggers (stimuli) in the ENVIRONMENT around us
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3
Q

Assumption 1 name

A

BLANK SLATE

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4
Q

Environmental determinist def

A

Environment determines everything

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5
Q

which side of the nature vs nurture argument are behaviourists on?

A

nurture

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6
Q

Assumption 1 explanation

A
  • babies re born into the world as a blank slate or tabula rasa
  • argue newborns are born with only a handful of basic innate reflexes e.g. crying, pain, hunger, ect which help infants from birth to communicate, eat and survive
  • any behaviour is seen as LEARNED response to a stimulus - notjing is innate
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7
Q

blank slate example

A

Social Leaning Theory - aggressive behaviour is learned through observation and imitation of role models
Summary of bobo doll study:
- 36 kids 3-6 yrs
- watched an adult role model play aggressively or non aggressively with a bobo doll
- found kids that OBSERVED agressive role model were much more likley to play agressively with bobo themselves compared to the group who had watched the role model play non agressively
THE CHILDREN MODELLED BOTH PHYSICAL AGRESSION (KICKING, HITTING) AND VERBAL AGRESSION (BASH, POW)

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8
Q

name of assumption 2

A

BEHAVIOUR IS LEARNT THROUGH CONDITIONING

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9
Q

ClASSical conditioning

A

ASSociations

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10
Q

opeRant conditioning

A

Rewards, Reinforcement

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11
Q

Classical conditioning definition?

A

new behaviours are learned through forming an association between stimulus and response

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12
Q

what did pavlov do?

A
  • classical conditioning with animals
  • Russian physiologist investigating the digestive system of dogs. he found that dogs salivate when presented with food. he then found that if a bell rang at the same time as the food is presented, the dog will salivate at the sound of the bell even when food is no longer present
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13
Q

Operant conditioning definition

A

new behaviours are learned through the consequences of actions /rewards/ reinforcements and punishments)

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14
Q

is negative reinforcement a reward?

A

YES

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15
Q

if we are punished for behaving a certain way…

A

there is a decrease in the probability that the behaviour will reoccur

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16
Q

if the behaviour is reinforced…

A

(positive or negative reinforcement) the probability of the behaviour being repeated again in the future increase

17
Q

positive reinforcement

A

gaining something pleasant

18
Q

negative reinforcement

A

avoid an unpleasant situation

19
Q

example that behaviour is learnt through conditioning: skinner’s rats

A
  • The rat might first be reinforced for pressing the lever - pos - food reward
    Neg- avoiding electric shock from the electrodes
    punishment = pressing lever causes an electric shock -. learn to stop pressing it -. reduced frequency of lever presses
20
Q

Assumption 3

A

Humans and Animals learn in similar ways

21
Q

ass 3 explain

A
  • behaviourists assume that the same basic principles (processes) of learning are common to all species -> humans learn in the same way as other animals
  • behaviourists believe that there are only QUANTITATIVE DEFFS BETWEEN HUMANS AND ANIMALS E.G. BRAIN SIZE
  • so behaviourists argue that many animals are so like us genetically (e.g. same nervous system, brain, ect) and learn in thesame way that it is appropriate to use them and generalise/ EXTRAPOLATE the findings of human behaviour
22
Q

assumption 3

A

little albert