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A level psychology Component 1 > Dream Analysis > Flashcards

Dream Analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

How psychodynamic approach applied in DA: unconscious mind

A

-Freud proposed that one way the mind expresses itself is through dreams
-Called dreams the royal road to the unconscious
-And argued threatening nature of unconscious thoughts is disguised in dreams
-DA = form of psychoanalysis, aims to make the unconscious conscious through decoding manifest content of the dream to reveal the contents of the unconscious mind
-Through DA, therapist can establish if root cause of psychological problems is due to repressed issues
Therefore exposed and cure this problem

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2
Q

How psychodynamic approach applied in DA: Influence of childhood experiences

A

Freud suggested that traumatic experiences would be repressed into the unconscious mind as too painful to deal with
However, these childhood ordeals would still be troubling and would resurface through dreams as a way of trying to work though traumatic past events

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3
Q

How psychodynamic approach applied in DA: Tripartite Personality

A

Is thought that the demands & desires of id, which are unacceptable in waking hours are transferred to our dreams
Dreams are a way of Id acting out our desires in a more acceptable way
Thf, DA uncovers drives of id
During dreaming, Freud proposes our ego defense mechanisms are low so id comes to life

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4
Q

Describe the components of DA: Role of the therapist

A
  • Role = reverse the dreamwork process, decode manifest content back into latent content (only by trained psychoanalysts)
  • Sometimes a ‘Cigar is just a cigar’ - not all images in dreams represent something else- Freud doesn’t support Dream Diary
  • Free association which helps to reveal connections and uncover repressed thoughts, reveal the truth behind symbols and latent content uncovered
  • Suggests various interpretations, allows client to select those that make sense
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5
Q

Describe the components of DA: Dreams as wish fulfilment

A
  • F believed all dreams were the unconscious fulfilment of wishes (a.k.a primary process thought)
  • Dreams protect sleeper while allowing us to live out desires
  • Repression of these desires seen to be a source of mental & behavioural disorders, so therapy aims to interpret dreams and uncover true wishes
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6
Q

Describe the components of DA:Symbolic Nature of dreams

A
  • DA works on principle that what the dreamer recalls is actually a symbolic representation of the truth buried in their UM
  • Dreamwork - the process of changing latent into manifest content
  • 2 Dreamwork processes: - Condensation: condenses many different ideas into 1,
  • Representation: - A thought is translated into visual images
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7
Q

Describe the components of DA: Dream Diary

A
  • Between therapy sessions, client may be asked to record dreams upon waking
  • Manifest content that is recorded in the dream diary is the basis for discussion during therapy sessions
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8
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of DA: Evidence supports id

POINT

A

P - evidence supports the idea that our dreams are constructed as a result of the working of the id

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9
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of DA: Evidence supports id

EVIDENCE

A

E - Somls (2000) used PET scans to identify regions of the brain that are active during dreaming. The results showed that the rational part of our brain (ego) is inative, areas concerned with memory & motivation (Freud said repressed memories and desires are stored in the unconscious) are very active

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10
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of DA: Evidence supports id

EXPLAIN

A

E - this suggests that analysing the content of our dreams is an effective way to uncover repressed unconscious desires & conflicts. By making us consciously aware of them, they can be dealt with, thfr successfully resolve disorder they were causing

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11
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of DA: Evidence supports id

CONTRAST POINT

A

C - Study was conducted in sleep lab - ppl may sleep in unusual or disrupted way in artificial surroundings, so brain activity detected in this study may not represent normal brain activity during dreaming.
Thfr, research may lack external validity anf invalidate the conclusion that dreams are a representation of id activity

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12
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of DA: Self Esteem & greater insight into mind

POINT

A

P - Evidence supports the effectiveness of DA in helping ppl improve their self esteem and gain greater insight into their mind

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13
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of DA: Self Esteem & greater insight into mind

EVIDENCE

A

E - Falk & Hill compared 22 separated and divorcing women (22-57 yrs) in 8wk dream interpretation groups to 12 women in a control condition in terms of changes in anxiety, depression, coping, self esteem, and insight into their dreams. Results indicate that women who participated in dream interpretation groups showed improvement compared to the control group in self esteem and insight.

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14
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of DA: Self Esteem & greater insight into mind

EXPLAIN

A

E - suggests that DA appears to be effective at helping women adjust to life changes associated with divorce

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15
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of DA: Self Esteem & greater insight into mind

CONTRAST

A

C - based on a small sample of women going through specific signifiant life event,. This narrow sample means we can’t use this evidence to assume that DA will have such + effect on all ppl suffering any kind of psychological event

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16
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of DA: Subjective Interpretation of manifest content

POINT

A

P - A weakness if DA is that it’s based on subjective interpretations of the manifest content

17
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of DA : Subjective Interpretation of manifest content

EVIDENCE

A

E - Freud didn’t support the idea of dream dictionaries as each interpretation need to be made in context of individual client’s situation. Also, sometimes, an interpretation is not appropriate bc the manifest content is a literal representation of a memory or emotion rather than a symbol of smgth in the unconscious.

18
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of DA: Subjective Interpretation of manifest content

EXPLAIN

A

E - This means that it’s difficult to scientifically demonstrated that it is the interpretation of a dream that leads to the effective treatment of behavioural or mental disorders. One therapist may offer an entirely diff interpretation of another

19
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of DA: Subjective Interpretation of manifest content

CONTRAST

A

C - could be argued that whether it’s the analysing of dreams that is effective doesn’t matter. If the process of going through DA helps, that is the important thing

20
Q

Evaluate the Ethical Issues of DA: Long term underlying cause of psychological issues

POINT

A

P - DA addresses the long term underlying cause of psychological and behavioural problems

21
Q

Evaluate the Ethical Issues of DA : Long term underlying cause of psychological issues

EVIDENCE

A

E - DA works on uncovering repressed unconscious conflicts and desires that may have occurred in early childhood.
Bringing them to the surface and confronting the issue should result in long term end to the problems they were causing later in life

22
Q

Evaluate the Ethical Issues of DA : Long term underlying cause of psychological issues

EXPLAIN

A

E - a strength of DA compared to other therapies such as biological and behavioural therapies which only treat symptoms of problem.
-DA should therefore avoid problems such as the ‘revolving door’, where people have to keep returning for therapy as their symptoms reoccur

23
Q

Evaluate the Ethical Issues of DA : Long term underlying cause of psychological issues

CONTRAST

A

C - this can only be accepted as a strength if we accept that the repressed unconscious conflicts are the root of our problems. Evidence to support this is largely subjective & unscientific

24
Q

Evaluate the Ethical Issues of DA: Psychological Harm

POINT

A

P - being made aware of unconscious conflicts may be distressing and cause psychological harm

25
Q

Evaluate the Ethical Issues of DA: Psychological Harm

EVIDENCE

A

E - DA works by revealing to the client previously repressed desires of conflict from childhood. These desires and/or conflicts have been repressed by the ego’s defence mechanisms bc they may be traumatic if we were cncoisuouldy aware of them

26
Q

Evaluate the Ethical Issues of DA: : Psychological Harm

EXPLAIN

A

E- this is a weakness bc there is the potential for the client to experience psychological harm in the process of acknowledging these unconscious issues

27
Q

Evaluate the Ethical Issues of DA: Psychological Harm

CONTRAST

A

C - the psychotherapist should have made the client aware of this possibility at the start of the therapy so the revelation of any unconscious issues should not come as a shock. This should limit the amount of psychological harm experienced

28
Q

Evaluate the Ethical Issues of DA: Power Imbalance

POINT

A

P -One of the main concerns about DA is the power imbalance between therapist and client

29
Q

Evaluate the Ethical Issues of DA: Power Imbalance

EVIDENCE

A

E - In DA, the therapist takes t5he expert role, offering the patient insight into their unconscious. The patient is thfr reliant on the therapist for making progress thru the therapy

30
Q

Evaluate the Ethical Issues of DA: Power Imbalance

EXPLAIN

A

E - unethical bc can lead to client becoming overly dependent on therapist and unable to face their problems on their own

31
Q

Evaluate the Ethical Issues of DA: False memories

POINT

A

P - DA has the potential to creat false memories in ppl

32
Q

Evaluate the Ethical Issues of DA: False memories

EVIDENCE

A

E - there are documented cases of therapists leading ppl to inaccurately remember instances of abuse or other unpleasant experiences in their past

33
Q

Evaluate the Ethical Issues of DA: False memories

EXPLAIN

A

E - this is a weakness bc False Memory Syndrome can strongly affect ppll’s identity and relationships, as well a having negative repercussions for those who may be falsely accused of causing the unpleasant situations
Troon et al even suggest that some therapists may intentionally encourage false memories so that the therapy will last longer and they will make more money

34
Q

Evaluate the Ethical Issues of DA: False memories

CONTRAST

A

C - Most psychological therapy is carried out by BPS accredited therapists who work at a strict code of conduct, such unethical practice should be very rare

A level psychology Component 1 (24 decks)

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