Psychodynamic approach

Question 1

Unconscious in determining behaviour

Answer 1

Childhood experiences are important in adult development (distressing events become part of the unconscious mind)

Question 2

Conscious

Answer 2

Things we are aware of

Question 3

Preconscious

Answer 3

Brought into conscious mind

Question 4

Subconscious

Answer 4

Unacceptable or unpleasant things outside of our consciousness

Question 5

The Id

Answer 5

Pleasure principle- instincts to sex + aggression

Question 6

The Ego

Answer 6

Reality principle- balances the id and superego

Question 7

The Superego

Answer 7

Morality principle- after socialisation, moral conscience

Question 8

Oral stage

Answer 8

0-1 years
mouth and sucking is primary source of pleasure

Question 9

Oral stage fixation

Answer 9

Smoking, overeating

Question 10

Anal stage

Answer 10

1-3
Involves the membranes of the anal region
toilet training= major demand
ego develops

Question 11

Anal stage fixation

Answer 11

Overly messy, anally retentive

Question 12

Phallic stage

Answer 12

3-6
Involves the genitals
Oedipus complex and castration anxiety
superego develops= identification with parents + internalisation of their moral standards

Question 13

Phallic stage fixation

Answer 13

Masturbation

Question 14

Latency stage

Answer 14

6-12
Less concentration on the sexual area
Previous conflicts repressed resulting in little recalled from childhood

Question 15

Latency stage fixation

Answer 15

extreme perfectionism, rigidity, or an inability to maintain intimacy

Question 16

Genital stage

Answer 16

After puberty
primary source of pleasure is hetero relationships
fixation may prevent this with sexual perversions/ homosexuality

Question 17

Repression

Answer 17

Defense mechanism where traumatic memories are forced into the unconscious unless they break through

Question 18

Denial

Answer 18

Deny event to prevent anxiety

Question 19

Displacement

Answer 19

Redirection of an emotion to an easier target

Question 20

Strength of Psychodynamic Approach- Psychoanalysis

Answer 20

First attempt to treat mental disorders psychologically
Claims to help clients in everyday
Forerunner to modern talking therapies

Question 21

Disadvantage of Psychodynamic Approach- Gender bias

Answer 21

Androcentric
Ignored female sexuality- alpha bias
Jung made electra complex and said women have a less developed superego

Question 22

Disadvantage of Psychodynamic Approach- FORE

Answer 22

is not falsifiable or scientific, was self interpreted

Question 23

Strength of Psychodynamic Approach- Fisher and Greenberg

Answer 23

2500 studies compare well with studies relevant to any major area of psychology
support for existence of unconscious motivation in humans + ego defence mechanisms