non experimental Flashcards
questionnaire strengths
easily distributable
easily replicable-increased reliability
close ended questioins are straight forward and easily analysed
useful for socially sensitive info
questionnaire weaknesses
social desirability bias- decreasse validity
anonymity can make less truthful
no follow up questions
close ended questions restrict data
types of questionnaires
close
open
interview strengths
better awareness of truthfulness as face to face
follow up qs
interview weaknesses
interviewer bias-validity
time consuming transcribing interview data
social desirability bias-validity
interviewer bias
a type of bias where the characteristics or behavior of the interviewer unintentionally influences the responses given by the interviewee
case study
detailed in depth analysis of an individual or small group
longitudinal with a lot of data and many sources
case study strengths
rich detailed insight enabling study of atypical behaviour
used to support/challenge other larger scale research
case study weaknesses
prone to researcher bias
unreliable due to non replicability, has little population validity
population validity
the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to a wider population beyond the specific sample used
face validity
a way to assess whether a test or assessment appears to measure what it’s intended to measure
content analysis
studying peoples behaviour indirectly through media, coding this data and producing quantitative data by categorising the data into meaningful units
content analysis strengths
detailed indepth analysis
comparable results
presented graphically
content analysis weaknesses
subjective nature of creating themes and coding units-investigator bias
time consuming
thematic analysis
any recurrent emerging themes often from content analysis are studied in more depth, more descriptive
correlation coefficient
number between -1 and +1 that shows strength and direction ot the relationship between two covariables
correlation vs experiment
correlation=assessing rs between 2 covariables, no cause and effect
experiment=significant difference, cause and effect between IV and DV
strengths of correlation
useful starting point for research
relatively economical-usually uses secondary data
weaknesses correlation
no cause and effect- co variables doesnt mean direct link
intervening variables may explain relationship also and lead to false conclusions
alternative hypotheses
not the same as experimental hypotheses
still clearly states expected rs between two covariables and operationalised
directional
greater or lesser, positive or negative
non directional
no direction, used w no theory or contradictory
eg. there is a correlation
meta analysis
combing results from a no of studies to provide an overall view/conclusion
meta strength
less ethical issues
larger varied samples- generalisibility= validity
meta weaknesses
publication bias- researcher handpicking studies to not fully rep
secondary data- accuracy?
